Earth & Space Science STAAR Review 3

All of the following are necessary for the formation of fossil fuels EXCEPT –

• extreme heat
• organic matter
• fresh water
• intense pressure

A delta, the landform found at the mouth of a river, forms when –

• plants on the river bank cause erosion
• the river deposits sediments as it slows
• rushing water makes stones in the river smooth
• water flowing down the mountain makes it taller

Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

• Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock
• The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock
• Water temperatures changes turn sand in the sediment to rock
• Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock

What changes buried organic matter into fossil fuels?

• Industrial pollution
• Ocean currents
• Volcanic activity
• Heat and pressure

Which layer of this sedimentary rock formed first?

• Rock Layer W
• Rock Layer X
• Rock Layer Y
• Rock Layer Z

Which arrow shows the movement that causes the day and night cycle?

• Arrow 1 because it shows rotation of the sun
• Arrow 2, it shows the orbit of the Earth around the sun
• Arrow 3 because it shows the orbit of the moon around Earth
• Arrow 4, because it shows the rotation of Earth

Oil formation starts when organisms in the ocean die and then –

• get eaten by larger organisms that receive their energy
• are carried by currents all over the planet
• decay completely so that their matter is recycled
• settle to the bottom and are buried in sediments

Which two processes complete this diagram?

• Melting and cooling
• Erosion and compaction
• Compaction and cementation
• Evaporation and dissolving

Which of these describes how this canyon was most likely formed?

• Floods eroded the sandstone away from the canyon walls
• Glaciers eroded the canyon rock as they melted and moved
• Ice wedged into the rock and weathered the canyon walls
• Wind blew large rocks that smashed against the canyon walls

What object is located between the inner and outer planets?

• Asteroid belt
• Rings
• Ice
• Moon