Albinism

Autosomal recessive inheritance is a ​ (a)   a genetic trait or condition can be passed down ​ (b)   . A ​ (c)   can occur when the child inherits one copy of a mutated (changed) gene from each parent. The parents of a child with an ​ (d)   usually do not have the condition.

• way
• from parent to child
• genetic condition
• autosomal recessive condition
• genetics

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Albinism refers to ​ (a)   compared to others of the same racial background, with characteristic eye involvement. All races of the human species can be affected, although the ​ (b)   is more recognizable in dark-skinned individuals.

• reduced pigmentation
• phenotype

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Albinism disorder can be divided into two groups: ​ (a)   -—the most common condition among hypopigmentation disorders with varying degrees of involvement of the eyes, hair, and skin; the second group is the less common group called ​ (b)   with disease involvement limited to the eyes.

• oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
• ocular albinism (OA)

There are many different types of albinism, but the term typically refers to two: oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and ocular albinism. Each type of albinism results from a mutation of a specific gene on a specific chromosome that causes a dysfunction of cells called ​ (a)   . These ​ (b)   produce the ​ (c)   , or pigment, that imparts ​ (d)   to skin, hair, and eyes. In other words, it's melanin that determines if someone is a blonde or a redhead, has blue eyes or hazel ones, and so on.

• melanocytes
• cells
• melanin
• color

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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What type of gene causes albinism?

The enzyme produced by the TYR gene, called ​ (a)   , is required for the synthesis of ​ (b)   . A mutation in the TYR gene causes the most common form of albinism. People with ​ (c)   have either a partial or complete lack of pigment, or coloring, in their eyes, skin or hair.

• tyrosinase
• melanin pigment
• albinism

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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