Felix Ratner's Chapter 19 - Chemical Reactions Study Guide

What is a chemical formula?

• Chemical symbols showing the elements arranged in a compound and their proportions

• Mathematical symbols combined with atomic mass to show the structure of a compound

• Chemical symbols arranged to show how a chemical reaction proceeds over time

• An expression dictating the elements in a compound and their atomic number

What is a chemical reaction?

• A chemical formula that has two compounds on one side and two compounds on the other

• A process in which substances known as factors are converted to different substances known as roots

• A reaction that occurs when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken

• An equation that has reactants on one side and solutions on the other, formed by physical reactions

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What does 'Aqueous' mean?

• a solution made liquid

• of or containing water

• An atom that is combined with one or more molecules of dihydrogen monoxide

• An acid neutralized by water

What is a precipitate?

• A soluble substance made from a double-displacement reaction

• a substance that cannot be dissolved in water created in a double-displacement reaction

• a substance created in a combustion reaction by an aqueous solution and a solid

• an insoluble substance created during a single-replacement reaction

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What is a single-displacement reaction?

• A+BC -> AC+B

• AB+CD->AD+BC

• A reaction in which one element is replaced by another in a compound

• A reaction in which two elements replaces oxygen gas in a solution

Match the following

• a substance created in a chemical reaction

• Subscript

• a number placed in front of a formula to notate how much of a substance is there in a chemical react

• Coefficient

• a number showing the total of atoms of an element in a formula, placed after and below a symbol

• Products

• a substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction

• Reactants

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Match the following

• A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat

• Endothermic

• a substance that increases the rate of or speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itself

• Exothermic

• A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

• Inhibitor

• a substance that delays, slows, or stops a chemical reaction without being permanently changed

• Catalyst

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A synthesis reaction takes ​ ​ (a)   and ​ (b)   them into one substance. A combustion reaction is a form of synthesis reaction in which a substance reacts with ​ (c)   , releasing energy in the form of light and heat. A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction, where ​ (d)   is ​ (e)   into two other substances.

• two substances
• combines
• oxygen gas
• one substance
• broken down

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The four types of chemical reactions are _____ (Bonus if you give the fifth!)

Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic reactions.

Answer explanation

Endothermic reactions are those in which reactants absorb energy in the form of heat to form products. This often creates a cold temperature. Energy must be added for this reaction to occur. Exothermic reactions are those in which reactants release energy in the form of heat to form products, which often creates a warm or hot temperature. These reaction can occur spontaneously, without energy added.

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