If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce

•   both green peas and yellow peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.

•   green peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for yellow peas.

•   yellow peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for green peas.

•   green peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?

•   principle of dominance

•   principle of probabilities

•   principle of segregation

•   principle of independent assortment

The principles of probability can be used to

•   predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses.

•   determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.

•   determine which species should be used in genetic crosses.

•   decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

•   heterozygous.

•   homozygous.

•   dominant.

•   hybrid.

A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). If the tall F₁ pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate,

•   the offspring will be of medium height.

•   all of the offspring will be short.

•   the offspring can be tall or short.

•   all of the offspring will be tall.

Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to

•   animals only.

•   all organisms.

•   pea plants only.

•   plants only.

The arctic fox is blue-gray in the summer and white in the winter. What most likely influence(s) this change?

•   codominant alleles

•   dominant alleles

•   the environment alone

•   genes and the environment

Gametes are produced by the process of

•   meiosis.

•   mitosis.

• crossing-over.

•   replication.

Linked genes

•   are always recessive.

•   are never separated.

•   are on the same chromosome.

•   assort independently.

Different forms of a gene are called

• alleles

•   hybrids

•   recessive factors

•   dominant factors