Chapter 23 Review

Rheumatic heart disease may not be evident for years after rheumatic fever; however, when manifested, the valves are most affected. Which heart disease can be a result of untreated Rheumatic fever?

• Myocardial infarction

• Mitral Valve Prolapse

• Mitral Regurgitation

• Mitral Stenosis

Answer explanation

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For patients with mitral valve prolapse include healthy lifestyles and what other therapeutic measures?

• Heart healthy diet

• Exercise

• Stress management

• Avoid caffeine

Answer explanation

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Complications:

Stasis of blood in the left atrium could form a ​ (a)   . A moving thrombus called an ​ (b)   could cause ​ (c)   . If the right ventricle fails, symptoms of right-sided HF can occur.

​

• Thrombus
• Emboli
• Stroke

Answer explanation

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Early symptoms of Aortic stenosis include the following?

• Exertional angina

• Exertional dyspnea

• Activity intolerance

• Late end-stage angina

• Pulmonary hypertension

Answer explanation

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Complication of aortic stenosis?

• Heart failure

• Pulmonary hypertension

• Angina

• Palpitations

Answer explanation

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Chronic Aortic Regurgitation signs and symptoms may not become apparent for many years initially the patient may experience this affects?

• Feeling a forceful heartbeat that is more pronounced when lying down

• Palpitations and pounding in the head

• Exertional dyspnea, fatigue,

• The palpated pulse is forceful and then quickly collapses (Corrigan pulse)

• Reduce systolic blood pressure

Answer explanation

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Therapeutic Measures

Treatments for aortic regurgitations include? Which can reduce systolic blood pressure.

• Vasodilators

• Diuretics

• Exercise

• Salt restrictions

Answer explanation

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Nursing Care Plan for the Patient With a Cardiac Valvular Disorder?

• Elevate head of bed 45 degrees.

• Venous return to heart is reduced and chest expansion improved when head of bed is elevated, which increases the amount of oxygen coming into the lungs.

• Administer oxygen as ordered.

• Ensure safety when mobilizing older patient.

Answer explanation

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Nursing Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Patient Education for Valvular Heart Disorders?

• health maintenance including medications

• prophylactic antibiotics to prevent IE(Infective Endocarditis)

• For patients on warfarin (Coumadin), international normalized ratio (INR) should be regularly monitored monthy.

• medical ID should be used

• An INR range of 2 to 3 is therapeutic for patients on warfarin who have a blood clot, tissue heart valve, or atrial fibrillation

Answer explanation

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Anticoagulants such as warfarin interfere with vitamin K function by preventing the conversion of vitamin K to its active coenzyme form. It is important to inform patients that, to maintain a therapeutic level of warfarin, they should eat a consistent amount of these types of foods on a day-to-day basis rather than?

• Increase the amounts

• Decrease the amounts

• Have the same amounts

Answer explanation

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