Unit 6 Review

What is the relationship between DNA and protein in a cell?

• DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.

• Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.

• DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.

• The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

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The individuality of an organism is determined by the

• sequence of nitrogenous bases in deoxyribonucleic acid

• number of amino acids in a cell

• position of the ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

• number of nitrogenous bases in a codon

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If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?

• 15%

• 30%

• 35%

• 50%

A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in the directions coded in the:

• number of nitrogen bases

• number of phosphate molecules

• sequence of sugar molecules

• sequence of subunits in DNA

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Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

• DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same

• Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.

• The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

• Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

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Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?

• one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands

• two molecules, each with one original and one new strand

• two molecules, each with two new strands

• two molecules, each with two old strands

Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented in the image. There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?

• segment 1 only

• segment 3 only

• segment 2 and 3

• segment 2 and 4

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The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?

5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'

• 4

• 8

• 12

• 20

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A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

• The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.

• UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.

• Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.

• Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.

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Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?

• the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

• the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

• the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus

• the release of messenger RNA from DNA

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