Mutations and Substitution

A mutation is defined as:

• A change in the cell's structure

• Anything that changes in an embryo

• Any change in the physical features of a human

• A change in the DNA sequence

Identify THREE (3) clear causes of mutations.

*Select three

• too much sunlight

• polymerase copying errors

• chemical exposure

• gene shuffling during meiosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What causes mutations?

• Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
• The amino acids
• Passed down by genetics
• Present at birth

In order for offspring to get a genetic mutation, the mutation must occur in what type of cell?

• Cells with no nucleus.

• Any body cell after birth.

• Cells with no cell wall or cell membrane.

• Cells like eggs or sperm cells that are undergoing reproduction.

If the ___ of a protein is/are changed, then it will not function or will not function in the same way

• structure (order of amino acids)

• order of the monosaccharides

• ATP

Mutations are__________

• Harmful
• Harmful or beneficial
• Neutral
• Harmful, neutral, or beneficial

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Mutations can be beneficial because they increase genetic _____________________ and can make the individual and species more likely to survive.

• diseases

• complications

• disorders

• diversity

Which of the following can increase the rate (speed) of mutation development?

• UV Radiation
• Viruses
• toxic chemicals 
• All options

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

In a point mutation, this would have the worst effect on the function of the protein 

• an insertion or deletion near the end of a gene
• an insertion or deletion at the beginning of the gene
• an insertion at the middle of the gene
• a base substitution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A change in the DNA sequence that results in a premature stop codon

• Nonsense

• Silent

• Missense

• Deletion