AP CSP Vocab

Match the following

• logic gate

• a circuit with one input and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) when its input is FALSE (or OFF) and vice versa.

• AND gate

• a circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) only when both of its inputs are TRUE (or ON).

• NOT gate

• a circuit with two inputs and one output defined such that its output is TRUE (or ON) when either or both of its inputs are TRUE (or ON).

• OR gate

• an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Examples would be AND, OR, and NOT gates that perform basic digital operations.

Match the following

• character

• condition is a true/false condition. It is named after George Boole (1815-1864) an English mathematician.

• boolean

• any symbol that requires one byte of storage.

• compilation

• The process of translating the entire source code into a single binary file.

• chip

• an informal way of describing an integrated circuit (IC) consisting of millions of tiny circuits.

• constant

• such as the numeral '5', is an abstraction that represents a single thing, e.g., the value 5.

Match the following

• general purpose computer

• has a fixed program (e.g. a simple calculator, a digital watch, a car's anti-lock braking system).

• computer

• can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone).

• special purpose computer

• a machine that processes information under the control of a program.

• computer bug

• An informal term for error in computer hardware or software -- the term was coined by Grace Hopper.

Match the following

• motherboard

• includes its electronic and mechanical components that carries out the instructions of a computer program.

• CPU

• consists of the programs that control the computer.

• hardware

• stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on.

• RAM

• the part of the computer's hardware that interprets and runs the computer program.

• software

• houses the computer's main electronic components.

Match the following

• assignment

• involves values, variables, and operators for example (a+b)/2

• local variables

• input variables for a procedure.

• variable

• names a memory location to hold different values in your program.

• parameters

• Variables that are declared and exist only inside a procedure or function (this is called their scope).

• expression

• sets a variable to a value or a mathematical expression.

Match the following

• REMOVE(list, x)

• removes the element in the given list at the given index

• INSERT(list, i, value)

• a block of programming statements that controls the flow or behavior of an algorithm.

• control structure

• data sent to a computer for processing by a program and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text

• APPEND(list, x)

• inserts an element into a list at the index given

• input

• Inserts x at end of the list

Match the following

• conditional statement

• Loops that have a predetermined beginning, end, and increment (step interval).

• While loop

• a statement that will evaluate to true or false and run code based on the answer

• If/Else

• Selection or conditional algorithm that allows a program to choose between different actions.

• For loop

• occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to true.

• Infinite loop

• a programming construct used to repeat a set of commands (loop) as long as (while) a boolean condition is true

Match the following

• binary search

• a search algorithm that repeatedly divides a sorted list to narrow in on the searched-for item

• algorithm

• a step-by-step procedures for solving a particular problem.

• linear or sequential search

• an algorithm that checks ever element in a list from the start to the end of the list to find an item.

• sorting algorithm

• puts a list into alphabetic or numeric order.

• arguments

• specify the values of the parameters when a procedure is called.

Match the following

• pseudocode

• another term for 'repetition'

• machine learning

• a programming language that is directly readable by the computer's CPU.

• output

• data sent back from the program to the device and can be tactile, audible, visual, or text.

• iteration

• a notation for expressing algorithms, which is more precise that ordinary English but less formal than a programming language.

• program

• a sequence of instructions that controls the computer.

Match the following

• protocol

• control structure uses a true or false condition to determine which of two parts of an algorithm is used.

• concatenation

• a system of rules that govern the behavior of some system.

• sequence

• Putting two strings together to make a new string.

• selection

• control structure that is the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given.

• comment

• a non-executable block of text that can be added to a program to provide clarification and documentation of the code.