1000 chapter 8 learning

An ___ is the process by which two pieces of information from the environment are repeatedly linked, so that we begin to connect them in our minds.

• association

• operant response

• oriented response

• accumulation

In classical conditioning we form associations between...

• two behaviors

• a behavior and its consequence

• two stimuli

• a behavior and a stimulus

Classical conditioning involves learning based on associations between stimuli whereas operant conditioning involves learning based on behavioral consequences.

• true

• false

Classical conditioning occurs when an organism

• modifies its behavior as a result of experiencing the consequences of its actions over a period of time.

• associates a previously NS with a stimulus to which it has an automatic, inborn response.

• associates CS with UCR.

• extends the association between a CR and a UCR.

Who discovered classical conditioning?

• Pavlov

• Watson

• Skinner

• Thorndyke

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, salivation is a _____, an automatic response to food that requires no learning.

• CS

• reflex

• NS

• CR

In Pavlov's experiment, he presented the bell along with meat to his dogs. After several trials, the dogs learned to salivate to the bell in the absence of the meat. Meat acted as a(n)

• conditioned response (CR).

• conditioned stimulus (CS).

• unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

• unconditioned response (UCR).

By pairing a light with a loud noise, a researcher taught a rat to exhibit a fear response to the light. What is the CS?

• light

• loud noise

• fear

• researcher

In which of the following instances is classical conditioning LEAST likely to occur?

• when the UCS precedes the NS

• when there are multiple pairings of UCS and NS

• when the UCS and the NS are presented very close together in time

• when the NS precedes the UCS

When he was a kid, Mitsos was attacked by a dog. Now he does not go near any household pets. In the context of conditioning, this is an example of

• backward conditioning.

• generalization

• discrimination

• negative reinforcement.