AP Biology Unit 2 Review

Salivary glands produce a large quantity of enzymes that are transported out of the secretory cells. Which of the following organelles would be abundant in these cells?

• nuclei

• golgi apparatus

• smooth ER

• lysosomes

Cells in the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. Predict the most likely pathway of an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells.

• ER -> lysosomes -> vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

• Golgi apparatus -> ER -> lysosome

• Nucleus -> ER -> Golgi apparatus

• ER -> Golgi apparatus -> vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are very different from each other. However, both have ​ (a)   .

• a plasma membrane
• linear chromosomes
• mitochondria with cristae
• a nucleolus

Match the following organelles to their descriptions:

• Membrane-bound structure containing hydrolytic enzymes

• Golgi apparatus

• Present in large numbers in cells that have high energy demands, such as muscles

• Lysosomes

• An organelle with extensive, folded membranes: abundant in cells that detoxify poisons

• Mitochondria

• Has a receiving (cis) and shipping (trans) face: packaging and secretion center

• Smooth ER

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following uses passive transport without the help of proteins to move materials across the plasma membrane?

• the depolarization of a muscle cell by transporting ions across the plasma membrane

• the uptake of glucose by the microvilli of cells lining the stomach

• the movement of large proteins across the plasma membrane

• the movement of carbon dioxide across the plasma membrane

Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following processes?

• endocytosis

• exocytosis

• vesicles

• passive diffusion

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

• active transport

• osmosis

• diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

Answer explanation

passive transport always goes with the concentration gradient, only active transport can go against.

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of a ​ (a)   bilayer with embedded ​ (b)   .

• phospholipid
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acid

Which of the following is true of small, nonpolar molecules?

• They easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer

• They very slowly pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer

• They require transport proteins to pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer

• They are actively transported across the cell membrane

Which of the following are common traits of both the chloroplast and mitochondrion?

• Both are surrounded by a single membrane

• Both have their own DNA

• Both are found in animal and plant cells

• Both synthesize proteins using ribosomes on the Rough ER