SDC ch 3: Foundations of American Education

American Federation of Teachers 

• Elementary schools where all students--not just wealthy boys--could attend for free.

• Developed in the 1800s by Horace Mann.

• Second largest labor union for teachers in the U.S., founded in Chicago in 

  1916. 

• Anti-Federalist and third U.S. president who proposed a tiered schooling model in Virginia. 

A Nation at Risk

• 71-page report released in 1983 that sensationalized a "crisis" in American schooling that led to standards-based reform. 

• 2015 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) and No Child Left Behind Act (2002). Shifted accountability provisions to individual states.

• Largest labor union in the U.S., established in 1857 to represent educators.

• Born an enslaved person in Virginia. Attended the Hampton Institute and later led the Tuskegee Institute. Famous for his 1895 "Atlanta 

  Compromise" speech.

Booker T. Washington

• The fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence; in the case of 

  a philosophy of education, what one believes to be true about the 

  essentials of education.

• Educational philosophy emphasizing real-world problem solving and individual development, with the teacher serving as a "guide on the side."

• Born an enslaved person in Virginia. Attended the Hampton Institute and later led the Tuskegee Institute. Famous for his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech.

• Process through which students learn to recognize and manage emotions, care about others, make good decisions, behave ethically and responsibly, develop positive relationships, and avoid negative behaviors. 

Charity Schools

• Elementary schools where all students--not just wealthy boys--could attend for free. Developed in the 1800s by Horace Mann. 

• Model of schooling in Colonial America established when an affluent individual made provisions in his or her will, including land, to construct and manage a school for the poor. Also called endowed free schools. 

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded in 

  1905 to seek legal and political equality for African Americans. 

• Model of schooling in Colonial America involving schools being built in abandoned fields in rural areas to offer affordable education to students. Teachers received payment from families and boarded with families. Also called rate schools, subscription schools, fee schools, and eventually district schools. 

Common Schools

• Second largest labor union for teachers in the U.S., founded in Chicago in 

  1916.

• Elementary schools where all students--not just wealthy boys--could attend for free. Developed in the 1800s by Horace Mann. 

• Model of schooling in Colonial America in which parents sent children to a local woman who would teach basic literacy skills for a small fee.

• Model of schooling in Colonial America in which a highly educated minister opened his home to young scholars and often taught secular subjects. 

Dame Schools

• Educational philosophy that suggests that there are skills and knowledge that all people should possess.

• Second largest labor union for teachers in the U.S., founded in Chicago in 

  1916.

• Model of schooling in Colonial America in which parents sent children to a local woman who would teach basic literacy skills for a small fee.

• Process through which students learn to recognize and manage emotions, care about others, make good decisions, behave ethically and responsibly, develop positive relationships, and avoid negative behaviors.

Department of Education 

• Standards-based reform passed in 2001 as a reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Increased educational accountability through standardized testing.

• schooling that led to standards-based reform.

• Federalist who supported mass schooling and wrote his "American Spelling Book" in 1783.

• Established in 1979 by President Carter to provide federal oversight of education, though individual states still preserved primary control of educational decisions.

Essentialism 

• Political group in the American Revolutionary Era that opposed a strong central government, preferring instead state and local forms of government. Included Thomas Jefferson.

• Model of schooling in Colonial America in which a highly educated minister opened his home to young scholars and often taught secular subjects.

• Established in 1979 by President Carter to provide federal oversight of education, though individual states still preserved primary control of 

  educational decisions. 

• Educational philosophy that suggests that there are skills and knowledge that all people should possess.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

• 2015 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) and No Child Left Behind Act (2002). Shifted accountability provisions to individual states.

• Model of schooling in Colonial America in which parents sent children to a local woman who would teach basic literacy skills for a small fee.

• Born an enslaved person in Virginia. Attended the Hampton Institute and later led the Tuskegee Institute. Famous for his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech.

• The fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence; in the case of a philosophy of education, what one believes to be true about the 

  essentials of education.

Field Schools

• Educational philosophy suggesting that human nature is constant, and that the focus of education should be on teaching concepts that remain true 

  over time.

• The fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence; in the case of a philosophy of education, what one believes to be true about the 

  essentials of education. 

• Model of schooling in Colonial America involving schools being built in abandoned fields in rural areas to offer affordable education to students. 

  Teachers received payment from families and boarded with families. Also called rate schools, subscription schools, fee schools, and eventually district schools. 

• 2015 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) and No Child Left Behind Act (2002). Shifted accountability provisions to individual states.