AP Bio Unit 5

Human immune cells present antigen from foreign invaders to T cells. What type of signaling is this?

• Direct

• Long distance

• Local

• Transduction

What do GPCRs do to a signal?

• Amplify the signal through enzyme activation

• Generate GDP from GTP to amplify the signal

• Once ligand binds, the G protein will inactivate associated enzymes

• Ligand binding deactivates the G protein allowing GDP to be coverted to GTP

A molecule is released to NEARBY blood vessels. What type of signaling is being used?

• Paracrine

• Direct contact

• Endocrine

• Long distance

Non-protein molecules and ions that amplify signals

• Second messengers

• Phosphatases

• Kinases

• Ligands

A plant is exposed to ethylene gas. The plant will

• Die immediately

• Ripen faster

• Ripen slower

• Nothing will happen

A signal transduction pathway will

• alter membrane permeability

• change metabolism

• alter gene expression

• change DNA structure

Phosphodiesterase turns cAMP into other second messengers. If that enzyme was inhibited, what would you expect?

• Increase in transcription factors

• Increase in cAMP levels

• Low levels of phosphodiesterase

• High levels of phosphatase to shut down the signal pathway

This molecule is responsible for phosphorylation

• kinase

• phospatase

• ligand

• phosphodiesterase

Plasmodesmata are unique to

• Plant cells

• Animal cells

• Bacterial cells

• Amoeba/Protozoa

Negative feedback

• Reduces the strength of a signal

• Moves organism away from homeostasis

• Increase signal strength

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3