Evolution and Natural Selection

Comparative anatomy can provide evidence for evolution. Which statements are true about homologous structures?

• features of different species that are the same in structure and position but different in function.

• Organisms under went divergent evolution in which species sharing a common origin, ancestry, become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation.

• Organisms under went convergent evolution in which species occupy similar ecological niches and adapt in similar ways in response to similar selective pressures.

• features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

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Evolution is the change in the allele frequency of biological populations over successive generations. The Theory of Evolution describes how all life descended from a common ancestor with genetic modifications for millions of years. Which examples support the theory that all living things shared a common origin ancestor.

• analogous structures

• homologous structures 

• vestigal structure

• similar embryological structures

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According to the Darwin's theory Natural Selection and survival of the "fittest" why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto the offspring?

• Because individuals with the favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Because individuals with the favorable traits come from dominant alleles.

• Because individuals with the favorable traits come from recessive alleles.

• Because individuals with the favorable traits have an acquired phenotype.

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Which organisms are most likely to survive?

• the best adapted to the environment

• the fastest in the environment

• the strongest in the environment

• the smartest in the environment

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Change in allele frequency over time within a population

• Natural Selection

• Selective Breeding

• Homeostasis

• Evolution

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Why is the mouse population changing over time?

• The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
• The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily

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Researchers generally agree that modern-day dogs evolved from grey wolves (Canis lupus) at least 15,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age. Modern dogs such as Chihuahuas evolved from from which evolutionary mechanism?

• Artificial Selection 

• Natural Selection 

• Genetic Drift

• Gene Flow

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Evolution is now understood to include multiple mechanisms. Charles Darwin formulated one explanation for evolution that includes adaptation and speciation. According to Darwin, how did organisms evolve?

• Through gene flow

• Through natural selection

• Through gene drift

• Through artificial selection

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Have human beings evolved from apes?

• Yes and we evolved through natural selection
• Yes and we evolved through survival of the fittest
• No but we share a common ancestor
• Yes  and we evolved through adapting to the environment

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All mammals have have backbones. Molecular testing of hippos and whales show they have very similar amino acid sequences. Similarities between biological molecules can reflect shared evolutionary ancestry. The diagram provides additional evidence that hippos and whales are closely related on the evolutionary tree. The diagram provides what type of evidence for divergent evolution between these two animals?

• Biochemical Analysis

• Fossils

• Vestigial Organ

• Homologous Structure

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