TA Section 3 (2/21)

According to this curve, the general male population (RED) has a higher _____ age than the disabled male population (BLUE).

• Median

• Maximum

• Median and Maximum

All of the following are criteria for the hallmarks of aging EXCEPT:

• Should manifest during normal aging

• Experimental aggravation should accelerate aging

• Experimental amelioration should delay aging/increase lifespan

• Impact the aging proteome

All of these commonly occur during aging EXCEPT:

• Impaired muscle regeneration

• Decrease in bone marrow cellularity

• Thinning of skin tissues

• Increase protein misfolding and aggregation

If the ____ complex is impaired, the cell will recognize the end of the chromosome as a double-stranded break and "fix" it by ligating chromosomes together.

• telomerase

• shelterin

• RISC

• mediator

Telomerase is made up of TERT (a reverse transcriptase) and TERC, which is a ...

• long non-coding RNA

• nuclease

• helicase

• ribonucleoprotein

Answer explanation

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein, consisting of TERT (a protein with reverse transcriptase activity) and TERV (a long ncRNA which acts as a template).

Cells reach the Hayflick limit and enter replicative senescence due to...

• accumulated DNA lesions

• proteosome instability

• telomere exhaustion

• Epigenetic alterations (i.e. changing histone modifications)

If you cut this plasmid vector with EcoRI and BamHI, how many fragments would you end up with?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Answer explanation

What kind of repair is occurring on the bottom?

• Non-homologous end-joining

• Homologous recombination

• mismatch repair

In RNA and DNA, the ____ make up the backbone of the molecule.

• sugar

• phosphate

• nitrogenous base

Answer explanation

The backbone is made up of alternating deoxyribose or ribose sugar and phosphate. The nitrogenous bases "stick" out and are accessible for binding (i.e., in DNA, they will basepair with the complementary strand).

Bacterial DNA contains...

• Introns

• Promoter regions

• Binding sites for RNA Pol accessory proteins

• All of these