psych chpt 8 memory and cognition

Match the following

• memory

• process of acquiring and using knowledge

• Explicit memory

• Influence of experience on behavior, even if individual is not aware of influence

• cognition

• ability to store and retrieve information over time

• episodic

• Knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered

• Implicit Memory

• First hand experiences we have had

Match the following

• Priming (implicit)

• •often unexplainable knowledge of how to do things

• procedural (implicit memory)

• •memory of our knowledge of facts and concepts about the world

• Classical conditioning (implicit)

• changes in behavior as result of experiences that have happened frequently or recently

• Relearning (explicit)

• how much faster information is processed or learned when it is studied again after already having been learned but forgotten

• Semantic memory (explicit)

• •association of neutral stimuli with another stimulus

measure of explicit memory that involves bringing from memory information that has previously been remembered. (two step process)

• Recall memory test

• Recognition memory

Measure of explicit memory that involves determining whether information has been seen or learned before (one step)

• recall memory test

• recognition memory

Information begins in Sensory memory, moves to short term memory, stored in Long term memory

• true

• false

Match the following

• Eidetic Imagery (photographic)

• Auditory sensory memory (last longer)

• Iconic memory

• Long lasting visual sensory memory

• Echoic

• Visual Sensory memory (decays rapidly)

Which part of working memory controls how attention is directed?

• the central executive

• the mother board

• the mneumonic processor

• the director

Match the following

• Spacing effect

• Process new information in ways that make it more relevant or meaningful

• forgetting curve

• Memory for information drops off quickly at first, but then levels off after time

• self reference effect

• process by which we place the things that we experience into memory

• elaborate encoding

• Learning is better when the same amount of study is spread out over periods of time than it is when it occurs closer together or at the same time

• encoding

• self-concept helps us organize and remember information better

Match the following

• Retrieval

• Process of reactivating information that has been stored in memory

• State dependent learning

• Continue to practice and study even when we think that we have mastered the material

• Context dependent learning

• superior retrieval of memories when the individual is in the same physiological or psychological state as during encoding

• overlearning

• an increase in retrieval when the external situation in which information is learned matches the situation in which it is remembered

Match the following

• Intereference

• earlier learning impairs our ability to encode information that we try to learn later.

• proactive intereference

• Existing memories influence our new learning

• Retroactive intereference

• occurs when learning something new impairs our ability to retrieve information that was learned earlier, works backwards