psych chpt 8 memory and cognition

ability to store and retrieve information over time

Influence of experience on behavior, even if individual is not aware of influence

process of acquiring and using knowledge

First hand experiences we have had

Knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered

•often unexplainable knowledge of how to do things

•memory of our knowledge of facts and concepts about the world

changes in behavior as result of experiences that have happened frequently or recently

how much faster information is processed or learned when it is studied again after already having been learned but forgotten

•association of neutral stimuli with another stimulus

Auditory sensory memory (last longer)

Visual Sensory memory (decays rapidly)

Long lasting visual sensory memory

process by which we place the things that we experience into memory

Process new information in ways that make it more relevant or meaningful

Learning is better when the same amount of study is spread out over periods of time than it is when it occurs closer together or at the same time

Memory for information drops off quickly at first, but then levels off after time

self-concept helps us organize and remember information better

Continue to practice and study even when we think that we have mastered the material

superior retrieval of memories when the individual is in the same physiological or psychological state as during encoding

Process of reactivating information that has been stored in memory

an increase in retrieval when the external situation in which information is learned matches the situation in which it is remembered

occurs when learning something new impairs our ability to retrieve information that was learned earlier, works backwards

earlier learning impairs our ability to encode information that we try to learn later.

Existing memories influence our new learning