psych chpt 8 memory and cognition

Match the following

• cognition

• ability to store and retrieve information over time

• Explicit memory

• Influence of experience on behavior, even if individual is not aware of influence

• Implicit Memory

• First hand experiences we have had

• memory

• Knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered

• episodic

• process of acquiring and using knowledge

Match the following

• Classical conditioning (implicit)

• •memory of our knowledge of facts and concepts about the world

• procedural (implicit memory)

• changes in behavior as result of experiences that have happened frequently or recently

• Relearning (explicit)

• •often unexplainable knowledge of how to do things

• Semantic memory (explicit)

• •association of neutral stimuli with another stimulus

• Priming (implicit)

• how much faster information is processed or learned when it is studied again after already having been learned but forgotten

measure of explicit memory that involves bringing from memory information that has previously been remembered. (two step process)

• Recall memory test

• Recognition memory

Measure of explicit memory that involves determining whether information has been seen or learned before (one step)

• recall memory test

• recognition memory

Information begins in Sensory memory, moves to short term memory, stored in Long term memory

• true

• false

Match the following

• Echoic

• Visual Sensory memory (decays rapidly)

• Iconic memory

• Long lasting visual sensory memory

• Eidetic Imagery (photographic)

• Auditory sensory memory (last longer)

Which part of working memory controls how attention is directed?

• the central executive

• the mother board

• the mneumonic processor

• the director

Match the following

• self reference effect

• Learning is better when the same amount of study is spread out over periods of time than it is when it occurs closer together or at the same time

• Spacing effect

• Process new information in ways that make it more relevant or meaningful

• forgetting curve

• self-concept helps us organize and remember information better

• encoding

• Memory for information drops off quickly at first, but then levels off after time

• elaborate encoding

• process by which we place the things that we experience into memory

Match the following

• overlearning

• an increase in retrieval when the external situation in which information is learned matches the situation in which it is remembered

• State dependent learning

• Process of reactivating information that has been stored in memory

• Retrieval

• superior retrieval of memories when the individual is in the same physiological or psychological state as during encoding

• Context dependent learning

• Continue to practice and study even when we think that we have mastered the material

Match the following

• Retroactive intereference

• Existing memories influence our new learning

• Intereference

• earlier learning impairs our ability to encode information that we try to learn later.

• proactive intereference

• occurs when learning something new impairs our ability to retrieve information that was learned earlier, works backwards