SS.8.A.2.3

Why did Virginia transition from indentured servants to slave labor?

• Indentured servants were more costly because they could earn their freedom.

• Slaves were cheaper to purchase because they were part of the triangular trade.

• Indentured servants were needed in the factories and mills of the North.

• Slaves were more skilled at agriculture.

Compared to that of the other American colonies, New England's economy depended more on which of the following activities?

• constructing sea vessels

• mining mineral resources

• operating large banks

• growing cash crops

In October 1654, Mary Ravenell boarded a ship in England to set sail for Virginia. In exchange for her passage, she agreed to work without pay for four years.

Which term describes Ravenell?

• indentured servant

• white slave

• free laborer

• private sharecropper

Two British colonies were founded in North America in the seventeenth century. One colony had a poor climate and poor soil, with an economy of subsistence farming. The other colony had a mild climate and great soil, with an economy of cash crop farming.

Which difference would develop between the societies of the two colonies?

• The cash crop farming colony would have a greater slave population than the subsistence farming colony.

• The cash crop farming colony would have greater industrial development than the subsistence farming colony.

• The cash crop farming colony would have lower crop yields than the subsistence farming colony.

• The cash crop farming colony would have lower profits than the subsistence farming colony.

How did indentured servitude differ from slavery in colonial America?

• Indentured servants were freed by contract after a number of years, but slaves were not.

• Indentured servants worked as household servants, but slaves did not.

• Indentured servants were paid for their labor, but slaves were not.

• Indentured servants lived in northern states, but slaves did not.

How did slave labor help sustain the economic system in the Southern colonies?

• Slave labor provided labor for the cash crops in the South.

• Slave labor provided workers for the traders and merchants in the South.

• Slave labor provided a workforce for the factories in the South.

• Slave labor fueled the slave trade for the plantations in the South.

Which of the following played a greater role in the economy of the American Southern colonies than the New England colonies?

• large plantations

• shipbuilding companies

• small merchants

• major banks

Why would a New England farmer be more likely to hire an indentured servant than to own slaves?

• Farms in New England were smaller than most southern plantations and did not depend on free labor to make a profit.

• Farms in New England were the same size as most southern plantations but chose not to depend on free labor to make a profit.

• New England farmers could fire indentured servants who were not good workers.

• New England farmers believed that slavery was against their beliefs.

Why were farmers in the southern colonies more likely to have slaves than farmers in the New England colonies?

• The land and climate in New England were not suitable for growing the cash crops that required large farms.

• The local laws in New England did not permit farmers to use forced labor to produce crops.

• The religious and social systems in New England did not view farming for profit as an honorable profession.

• The growing cities in New England did not allow enough space for farms to expand to the point where additional labor was needed.

Which statement best describes the relationship between the climate and the economy of the Middle colonies?

• The mild climate of the Middle colonies led its economy to be based on growing corn, wheat, and other crops.

• The warm climate of the Middle colonies led its economy to be based on growing fruits and vegetables.

• The long winters and short summers of the Middle colonies led its economy to be based on factories rather than on farming.

• The long winters and short summers of the Middle colonies led its economy to be based on trade with native peoples rather than on farming.