Quiz about McGraw Hill - Nature of Science Review

Question 1

Sandra visits a Florida farm that raises silkies, a breed of chicken. Sandra did not know that chickens have breeds, just as dogs and cattle have breeds. Which is the best way that Sandra could learn more about chicken breeds?

Accepted Answer

Read a book about chicken breeds from the school library.

Answer

Visit the website of a restaurant that serves chicken.

Answer

Try to hatch chicken eggs that are bought from the supermarket.

Answer

Visit a gardening center that keeps a rooster as a mascot.

Question 2

Jorge asks if dinosaurs ever lived in Florida, and if so, what the dinosaurs were like. Which provides the strongest evidence for an answer to this question?

Accepted Answer

No fossils of dinosaurs have been found in Florida.

Answer

No Florida sports teams are named after dinosaurs.

Answer

Some museums in Florida display exhibits of dinosaurs.

Answer

Someone wrote a story about a dinosaur that visited Orlando.

Question 3

Sabina and Max have been investigating rainbows. They observe many examples of rainbows in the sky. They also observe photographs of rainbows that others have taken. They include this paragraph in their report.

All of the rainbows were beautiful! They always had the same colors in the same order. The bands also had the same shape, which is a section of a circle.

Does the paragraph include observations, opinions, or both?

Accepted Answer

The paragraph begins with an opinion and then presents observations only.

Answer

The paragraph includes observations only.

Answer

The paragraph includes opinions only.

Answer

The paragraph mixes observations and opinions in every sentence.

Question 4

A condition of an experiment that can be changed is the?

Accepted Answer

variable

Answer

hypothesis

Answer

control

Question 5

A ________ is a scientific prediction that can be tested?

Accepted Answer

hypothesis

Answer

variable

Answer

control

Question 6

The variable in an experiment that remains unchanged is the ________?

Accepted Answer

control

Answer

variable

Answer

hypothesis

Question 7

A local farmer grows strawberries and several crops in Florida. He begins to wonder if the large amounts of rainwater will begin to damage his crops. In an effort to find out, he designs an experiment in which he deeply soaks the soil under some of the strawberry plants. He then compares the growth of these plants with the rest of his strawberry crops.

What is the control in his experiment?

Accepted Answer

The strawberry plants that do not have soaked soil

Answer

The strawberry plants that have soaked soil

Answer

All plants on the farm, except for the strawberry plants

Answer

The strawberry plants that are damaged by heavy rain

Question 8

Lauren has been studying native trees in the Amazon Rainforest. She has noticed that many trees have damage that appears to have been created from insects. She is planning an investigation of the insects that are damaging these native trees. Which of the following actions must be included in any investigation of these harmful insects?

Accepted Answer

Observations of these insects in their outdoor habitat or by collecting them and observing them in a lab

Answer

Creating a direct hypothesis about the insects

Answer

Ensuring that when creating the experimental design, Lauren has both variables and a control for her experiment

Answer

Developing a way in which damage to the Native trees can be prevented

Question 9

Christopher wanted to learn more about Ganymede, one of Jupiter's moons. Which of the following sources of information would be Christopher's best choice?

Accepted Answer

a university's astronomy web page

Answer

his friends

Answer

the local newspaper

Answer

a neighborhood survey

Question 10

Joseph wonders what kind of birds live in his neighborhood. What skill will Joseph use to investigate the variety of birds in his neighborhood?

Accepted Answer

observe

Answer

infer

Answer

order

Answer

communicate

Question 11

Scientists conduct investigations. What is the main reason for scientific investigations?

Accepted Answer

to answer questions about the natural world

Answer

to practice doing experiments

Answer

to learn about recent discoveries

Answer

to demonstrate scientific procedures

Question 12

Researchers at Florida International University surveyed people to find out how many would not evacuate if a hurricane were approaching. In 1992, 18% would not evacuate. In 1995, 34% would not evacuate. In 1999, 46% said they would not evacuate. How can scientists use this information?

Accepted Answer

to predict how many people will not evacuate

Answer

to predict where people go when they evacuate

Answer

to explain why people choose not to evacuate

Answer

to predict which route people will use to evacuate

Question 13

What should you do if you want your friends to believe a statement you make?

Accepted Answer

gather evidence to support it

Answer

ask a question you can test

Answer

make a prediction

Answer

collect information about your friends

Question 14

Models allow scientists to test things that might be too expensive or difficult to test using the real item. Which of the following would be an investigation that could use a model?

Accepted Answer

how much water a cubic meter of sand can hold

Answer

whether a new spray will repel mosquitos

Answer

how many times per day a robin leaves her nest

Answer

how much weight can a new bridge support

Question 15

A hypothesis must be testable. Which hypothesis is testable?

Accepted Answer

a beagle can jump higher than a Persian cat

Answer

blue is the best color

Answer

summer is nicer than fall

Answer

dogs are better than cats

Question 16

Cobie is testing how the amount of fertilizer affects the height of plants. Which variable does not need to be controlled?

Accepted Answer

the height of the plants

Answer

the amount of fertilizer

Answer

the amount of water each plant gets

Answer

the location of the plants

Question 17

Some scientific tools are used for making observations, and others are used for making measurements. Which of these tools would be most useful for observing the behavior of ants?

Accepted Answer

hand lens

Answer

metric ruler

Answer

electronic balance

Answer

graduated cylinder

Question 18

Although scientific experiments and other kinds of investigations can be very different, they all start the same way. Which of these would you do first in any scientific investigation?

Accepted Answer

form a question or problem

Answer

draw a conclusion

Answer

write a hypothesis

Answer

organize data in tables and charts

Question 19

Paula is investigating the electricity used in her county in Florida. The bar graph shows the sources of electricity for the county and how much electricity each source supplies. Notice that the total amount of energy is identified as 100 units.

Which conclusion does the data in the graph best support?

Accepted Answer

The county receives half of its electricity from nuclear power, hydropower, and wind power.

Answer

In the future, the county will receive more electricity from solar power and wind power

Answer

Nuclear power is the best alternative to fossil fuels for the county.

Answer

The county receives more than half of its electricity from fossil fuels.

Question 20

Emma enjoys hot chocolate and other hot drinks. She wonders if the drinks stay hot longer in foam cups than in cups made of other materials. She forms a hypothesis and designs an experiment to test it. Which summary describes the most useful experiment she could design?

Accepted Answer

Compare how hot water cools in cups made of foam, paper, and plastic.

Answer

Measure how hot water cools in one foam cup.

Answer

Compare how hot water cools in foam cups of different sizes.

Answer

Break off a small piece from a foam cup and study it with a microscope.

Question 21

Valerie and Henri are investigating speed and motion. In one trial of an experiment, Valerie lets go of a toy car at the top of a ramp. Henri times how long the car takes to reach the bottom. Why should they repeat this trial several times instead of doing it just once?

Accepted Answer

to make sure their results are accurate and useful

Answer

to record the fastest possible time for the car

Answer

to measure other variables, such as the mass of the car

Answer

to think of new ways to measure speed and motion

Question 22

Kelly thinks the weather this week will become gradually warmer. She plans to observe the weather every morning and afternoon, and to record her observations in a chart. Which kind of investigation is Kelly conducting?

Accepted Answer

a descriptive investigation that is designed to test a

prediction, not to test variables

Answer

an experimental investigation that includes a fair test of one variable

Answer

an experimental investigation that includes a test of several variables and a control

Answer

a descriptive investigation that will show a cause-and-effect relationship between variables

Question 23

Which is another observation of mosses that

Shereen could make and record?

Accepted Answer

Mosses are growing on most of a fallen log, but not underneath it.

Answer

Mosses are the smallest kinds of plants, and they never make fruits or flowers.

Answer

Mosses are important and interesting, and people should pay more attention to them.

Answer

Mosses could be useful as a source of food for farm animals.

Question 24

Shereen claims that mosses depend on wet surfaces to grow. Which additional observation would most strengthen her claim?

Accepted Answer

Mosses grow on lower tree trunks, but not the drier, upper parts of the trees.

Answer

All plants grow well on wet surfaces.

Answer

Mosses are not growing by a pond that is near the forest.

Answer

Some mosses have parts that look and grow like roots.

Question 25

In the 1980s, two Australian doctors were investigating stomach ulcers. After several experiments, they concluded that ulcers were caused by a strain of bacteria. This conclusion surprised other doctors around the world. Which provided the strongest evidence in support of the conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Other doctors repeated the experiments, and the results were the same.

Answer

The doctors published advertisements that announced the conclusion in science journals.

Answer

Doctors studied a model of the stomach and how bacteria formed ulcers.

Answer

Doctors discovered that bacteria cause other diseases and damage to the body.

Question 26

Victor and his team are investigating the variables that affect the falling time of a tennis ball. In one experiment, they drop a tennis ball from a window and measure the time it takes to reach the ground. They conduct four trials of this step. The chart shows their results.

Why was it useful for the team to conduct four trials of the same step?

Accepted Answer

They can identify data that likely came from a measurement error or other mistake.

Answer

They can show that the true falling time is the average of the data, or 2.7 seconds.

Answer

They can discover a way to make objects fall faster or slower.

Answer

They can conclude that falling time always changes from one trial to the next.

Question 27

The science teacher tells Tyler that he needs to include a control group in his experiment. Tyler can study a control group by repeating his procedure, but with one change. Which change should he include?

Accepted Answer

Skip Step 3, so the soil remains dry

Answer

In Step 1, do not add food scraps to the soil.

Answer

Skip Step 4, so there is no paper plate.

Answer

In Step 4, use a sheet of paper that completely covers the soil.

Question 28

Which is the most useful conclusion of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

Earthworms need the air that typically fills spaces in the soil.

Answer

Earthworms need the water that may fill spaces in the soil.

Answer

Earthworms eat bits of food that they find in the soil.

Answer

Earthworms can move through dry soil, but not wet soil.

Question 29

Frank and his wife love listening to the orchestra play music and identify specific sounds from each instrument. They decide to visit a concert for the Florida orchestra and investigate how each sound is made from the instruments. They made several comments about their visit. Which are USEFUL observations?

Accepted Answer

The bassoon makes the lowest sounds.

Accepted Answer

The tambourine only had one note played

Accepted Answer

The flute is the smallest instrument

Answer

I wish I could play the drums

Answer

The trombone is a cool instrument

Question 30

Alden and Jhonna are investigating a new spray for removing stains from clothes. They explain that the spray changes many stains so they can dissolve in warm, soapy water, but the process can also damage the fibers in clothes. To provide the strongest support for this explanation, what should the report of their investigation include?

Accepted Answer

photographs of clothes both before and after they were treated with the spray

Answer

a list of the ingredients in the new spray

Answer

a comparison of the new spray to other stain-removing products

Answer

a recommendation for the amount of spray to use on a stain

Question 31

JT heard that a oval-shaped chair leg can hold more weight than a leg with pointed edges. He decides to investigate this claim by testing chair legs made of wood in a variety of shapes. He adds different weight to the chair until it finally collapses.

Why SHOULD he repeat these steps several times?

Accepted Answer

Repeating test will help show that his results are useful, reliable, and accurate

Answer

By repeating these steps, it may identify what is the best shape to make the strongest chair leg

Answer

By repeating tests, he may identify the ideal number of legs for a chair to be the strongest

Answer

Repeating tests will help to measure how different variables will impact the chair

Question 32

Mr. Williams takes his students to Emerson Pointe Preserve to study the marine life in their natural habitat. As the students study the water, he asks his students to predict which animals may live in this aquifer. As he takes his students on a walk around the preserve, he asks them to listen for animals and record any observation made. Which type of investigation are his students conducting?

Accepted Answer

descriptive

Answer

unscientific

Answer

experimental

Question 33

Mr. Williams takes his students to Emerson Pointe Preserve to study the marine life in their natural habitat. As the students study the water, he asks his students to predict which animals may live in this aquifer. As he takes his students on a walk around the preserve, he asks them to listen for animals and record any observation made. Students will be able to evaluate their predictions by using their observations as what?

Accepted Answer

evidence

Answer

suggestions

Answer

hypothesis

McGraw Hill - Nature of Science Review

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