Ch. 5 Behavioral Views of Learning

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

• Ted’s teacher praised him for writing a great paper and Ted worked even harder on his next paper.

• Marci was scolded for passing notes in math class, but it hasn’t stopped her from passing notes in other classes.

• Shana was given detention hall for continuously talking and being rude in class.

• Kara failed her science test and it upset her so much that now she gets really nervous before every test.

In Pavlov’s study, he wanted the dogs to associate salivating with a different stimulus, so he chose to use a bell since it originally would not cause any reaction in the dogs and could be considered a(n)

• conditioned stimulus

• neutral stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus

• aversive stimulus

Lewis has extreme social anxiety. He works with a counselor that helps him to visualize increasingly social situations while in a deeply relaxed state in order to slowly get over his fear. This method can be described as

• spontaneous recovery

• systematic desensitization

• acquisition

• stimulus generalization

Thorndike’s research in operant conditioning found that

• rats could be taught complex behaviors by providing food as a reinforcement.

• children could be taught to fear rats or other animals by pairing the animal with a fear-inducing noise.

• cats could be taught to escape a puzzle box by reinforcing the pressing of a lever.

• rats developed learned helplessness when kept in puzzle boxes.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary reinforcer?

• Money

• Food

• Water

• Shelter

Mr. Wendell is trying to help one of his students, Clara, who continuously turns in her assignments late. They make an agreement that for the next two weeks he will give her either a sticker or a piece of candy for each time she turns in her homework on time. This agreement is an example of

• a token economy.

• the Premack principle

• contingency contracting

• satiation

Positive reinforcement causes behavior to ____________ and removal punishment causes behavior to ____________.

• increase; increase

• increase; decrease

• decrease; decrease

• decrease; increase

Ms. Queen gives her students free time on the computer for every two online assignments they complete. In this example, Ms. Queen is using

• fixed ratio reinforcement

• variable ratio reinforcement

• fixed interval reinforcement

• variable interval reinforcement

Which of the following statements regarding the effectiveness of different reinforcement schedules is FALSE?

• Fixed schedules of reinforcement show less persistence and faster extinction.

• Continuous schedules of reinforcement cause slow and steady increases in behavior.

• Variable interval schedules of reinforcement show the most persistence.

• Fixed interval schedules of reinforcement can lead to stop-start work patterns in students.

Which of the following BEST describes when teachers should use cueing?

• to teach complex behaviors to their students

• to signal students that a behavior is undesirable

• to punish students as an immediate remedy for misbehavior

• to signal students during the shaping process