(Old) NW3 Review

The DNA triplet sequences present in our genome code for amino acids. These sequences can be found in -

• in humans only

• plants and animals only

• prokaryotes

• All living things

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures.

• Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than javelinas

• Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than hippopotamuses

• Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales

• Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry.

• have the same basic structure
• perform the same function
• are the same size
• are parts of mammals

Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans.

• Homologous structures occur in each fossil.
• Similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil.
• The fossils were found in different locations.
• The youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils.

Antibiotics are sometimes prescribed by doctors to treat bacterial infections. However, some bacteria have genes that allow them to survive during exposure to antibiotics, as shown in the illustration. If the genes in the resistant bacteria help them and their offspring survive and reproduce, then what will the next generation of bacteria, to be shown in the blank box, likely look like compared to those in the first box?

• A lower frequency of the resistance cells

• A higher frequency of the resistant individuals

• A similar frequency of resistant cells

• A higher frequency of the normal individuals

The African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) commonly hunts primary consumers such as the Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii). While the cheetah depends on surprise, its main hunting advantage is its absolute top running speed and acceleration. Over time, the gazelle population is put under a selective pressure to favor the fastest of gazelles. Which of the following best describes how the selection pressure will affect the population distribution of gazelles?

• Directional Selection

• Stabilizing Selection

• Disruptive Selection

• None of these

On a camping trip, a student found the animal shown below on the ground near his tent. According to the key, to which group of invertebrates does the animal belong?

• Insects

• Arachnids

• Mollusks

• Worms

Based on this dichotomous key, which two fish have eyes located on either side of their head and are not spotted?

• Glassy sweeper and squirrelfish

• Glasseye snapper and spotted eagle ray

• Spotted goatfish and bandtail puffer

• Peacock flounder and glassy sweeper

Which of the following taxonomic levels represents the MOST specific rank for an organism?

• class
• phylum
• family
• order

An organism has the following characteristics: Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotroph, No cell wall, and reproduces sexually. Which of the following classification most correctly describes the organism?

• Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Animalia

• Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Fungi

• Domain Bacteria - Kingdom Eubacteria

• Domain Archaea - Kingdom Archaebacteria