Learning: Principles and Applications: Classical Conditioning

The learning procedure in which an old response to a stimulus becomes attached to a new stimulus is called:

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

• social learning

• post-modern conditioning

An event that elicits a certain predictable response without training is the

• US

• UR

• CS

• CR

An organism's automatic reaction to a stimulus is the

• CS

• CR

• US

• UR

The CS in classical conditioning is:

• a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of a UR

• an event that elicits a certain predictable response without training

• an event that was once neutral that elicits a given response after a period of training when paired with a US

• an event that was once neutral that elicits a given response after a period of training when paired with a CR

The CR in classical conditioning is:

• a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of a UR

• the learned reaction of the CS

• an event that was once neutral that elicits a given response after a period of training when paired with a US

• an event that elicits a certain predictable response without training

The CR is learned and usually happens

• very quickly

• gradually

• the CR is not related to being learned in time

• in short bursts

To yield stronger results, the CS and US should be

• further apart in time

• unrelated to each other

• closer in timing

• happening at the same time

An example of generalization in Pavlov's experiment was:

• the use of the meat powder to cause the dogs to salivate

• the use of the tuning fork to elicit a response

• Pavlov conditioning the dogs to salivate at seeing a circle, so an oval worked as well

• Pavlov holding the dog in place with a harness like they would on a leash

When extinction occurs in classical conditioning, the CR has gradually dies out and is NOT

• ever coming back

• able to elicit a response again

• completely unlearned

• associated with the CS

When it comes to taste aversion, psychologists have found that no matter the circumstances, humans' CR to a bad food experience is to focus on

• the food in relation to the events

• the circumstances that led up to the negative experience

• the choices that led up to the food issue

• the food and nothing else