Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

The mitochondria is essential for the production of energy (ATP); therefore, cellular respiration is also critical and is the process in which ____

• Energy is harvested from chemical bonds of sugars, which is then broken down and oxidized

• Energy is harvested from sugars and undergoes fission

• Energy is produced by using CO2  to break down sugars which then releases oxygen

• None of the above

The inner membrane contains porins which allows the passage of water, pyruvate and other molecules in the outer membrane space.

• True

• False

Label the mitochondrion

a

b

c

d

Inner membrane

Matrix

Outer membrane

Intermembrane space

There are three stages to catabolism, what occurs in stage 2? 

• Enzymes convert large polymeric molecules in food to monomeric subunits

• The citric acid cycle--acetyl group in acetyl CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate; forming citrate 

• Glycolysis occurs where glucose is split into small molecules of pyruvate

• This is false, there are actually 4 stages involved

What are the molecules produced by the citric acid cycle? 

• 1 NADH + 3 FADH2, 1 GTP or ATP

• 3 NADPH + 2 FADH2

• 3 NADH + 1 FADH2, 1 GTP or ATP

Electron transport begins at ___ with the removal of ___ from NADH.

• NADH dehydrogenase; an nitrogen atom

• NADH dehydrogenase; a hydrideion

• the hydride ion; dehydrogenase

• NADPH dehydrogenase; a hydride ion

What is the role of the electrochemical proton gradient? 

• A) For translocation of proteins across the IMM into the matrix

• B)Electrochemical H+ gradient drives protons through an ATP synthase spanning the IMM – phosphorylates ADP to ATP.

• C) A gradient of electrons  

• A and B

• None of the above 

How many membranes does the chloroplast have and what gives it its green color?

• 4; because green is a chloroplast's favorite color

• 3; its inability to absorb wavelengths in the green spectrum (correct) 

• 3; it ability to absorb wavelengths in the green spectrum

Can you name a difference between photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation?

Light-driven reactions on the thylakoid are essential for the production of ATP and NADPH, what are these then used for? 

• To fix CO2 in the stroma by light independent reactions (correct)

• To eliminate CO2 from the process 

• Both are correct

• none of the above