Cognitive Approach to Depression

Which of the following is not part of Beck's cognitive triad of depression?

• Negative thoughts about oneself.

• Negative thoughts about one's own in-group.

• Negative thoughts about the world.

• Negative thoughts about the future.

Mary believes that she is going to be "psychology student of the year."  But on awards day, she does not get the award.  She then believes that if she is not the best, she must be the worst psychology student in the school.  This is an example of what type of faulty thinking?

• Magnification/

  exaggeration

• Dichotomous thinking

• Selective abstraction

• Arbitrary inference

What does it mean when we say that Alloy et al's (1999) study was a prospective study?

• Depressed patients were interviewed about their mental health as students.

• The thinking patters of the participants were manipulated in order to improve their mental health.

• The results of the study can be used to treat depression in the future.

• The thinking patterns of the participants were recorded before they developed depression.

According to Nolen-Hoeksama, the reason that women have a higher rate of depression is because ...

• women think more about their feelings than men do.

• women are more likely to seek help than men do.

• women have more risk factors in their environment than men do.

• women have higher levels of estrogen than men do.

Farb's fMRI research on rumination and depression found more activity in which part of the brain in depressed patients?

• pre-frontal lobe

• the amygdala

• the fusiform gyrus

• the hippocampus

Which of the following is not a strength of cognitive arguments for the etiology of depression?

• Cognitive therapy has been successful in the treatment of depression.

• There is some biological support for the theories.

• Research has established a cause and effect relationship between cognitions and depression.

• There is longitudinal, prospective research to support cognitive theories.

Answer explanation

As variables cannot be directly manipulated by the researchers, the studies are correlational in nature and do not establish a cause and effect relationship.

What action is necessary to transfer information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?

• Attention

• Rehearsal

• Retrieval

• Chunking

Which of the following components is the odd one out?

• Central Executive

• Sensory Store

• Phonological Loop

• Episodic Buffer

Which definition best describes the term 'reconstructive memory'?

• Misleading information that can cause inaccuracies in recall of events.

• Information about an event provided after the event already occurred.

• A form of retrieval that involves identifying an object as previously seen.

• Memory is an active process of recreation of past events.

The multi-store model of memory...

• describes a flow of information through multiple STM stores

• describes the flow of information between stores in any order

• describes memory as having 6 separate stores

• describes how information flows through three separate stores in a linear fashion