Standards 2 and 3 Vocab Quiz

Match the following

• Biotechnology

• The use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life.

• Chromosome

• A structure in the nucleus of a cell that is formed of genetic material.

• Central Dogma

• The idea that the process of building proteins only goes in the specific order of DNA ➡ RNA ➡ Protein.

• Amino Acids

• A set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA molecule.

• Codon

• Molecules considered the "building blocks" of proteins.

Tags

SB2

Match the following

• Ethics

• A technique used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using their DNA.

• Gene Therapy

• The insertion of genes into an individual's cells in an effort to treat hereditary, genetic disesases.

• DNA Fingerprinting

• The standards that determine a scientist's behavior, whether right or wrong.

• Double Helix

• The "twisted ladder" shape of DNA

• Deletion

• A mutation caused by the loss of chromosomal segment.

Tags

SB2

Match the following

• Meiosis

• An organism that has had its genetic code altered through biotechnology for the purpose of giving it traits of other organsims.

• mRNA

• A process that generates 4 genetically unique cells; used mostly by multicellular organisms.

• Genetic Variation

• The idea of biodiversity within a species achieved through meiosis.

• Genetically Modified Organism

• A molecule that is a transcription of DNA and carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the to the ribosome.

• Mutation

• A random error in genetic code that can fall under the heading of "silent," "frameshift," or "chromosomal."

Tags

SB2

Match the following

• Transgenic Organsim

• The process of generating a molecule of mRNA.

• Translation

• The process of generating a protein from an mRNA molecule.

• Nondisjunction

• The failure of chromosomes to separate fully during meiosis; results in "trisomy" in offspring.

• Transcription

• An organism that contains recombinant DNA.

• Uracil

• A nitrogenous base found only in RNA.

Tags

SB2

Match the following

• Codominance

• Alternative forms of genes (brown hair vs. blond hair).

• Alleles

• A genotype which contains two of the same alleles (either AA or aa).

• Law of Dominance

• A type of heredity where offspring exhibit 2 dominant alleles (stripes or spots).

• Heterozygous Genotype

• Mendel's law that states that only one copy of a certain allele needs to be present in the genotype for that trait to show in the phenotype.

• Homozygous Genotype

• A genotype which contains two different alleles (Aa).

Tags

SB3

Match the following

• Monohybrid Punnett Square

• Mendel's principle that states that homologous chromosomes will sort independently of each other (one combination in one offspring will not necessarily arise in another offspring from the same breeding pair).

• Law of Independent Assortment

• A genetic cross represented by 4 squares that indicates the probability that offspring will receive a certain genotype.

• Incomplete Dominance

• A type of heredity where the offspring will have a phenotype that is a blending of the two alleles (Red + White = Pink).

• Law of Segregation

• Mendel's principle that states that sister chromatids separate from each other into individual gametes.

• Phenotype

• The physical appearance of offspring based on their genotype.

Tags

SB3