Evolution Exam Study Guide

Flightless birds include ostriches in Africa, rheas in South America, emus in Australia, and kiwis in New Zealand. Evolutionists suggest that the worldwide distribution of flightless birds is due to continental drift that separated the landmasses. Which evidence would not support the claims made by evolutionists?

• These flightless birds were once able to swim.

• Not all landmasses drifted away from each other.

• The landmasses drifted before the origin of all these species.

• Birds with similar characteristics are found in the same region.

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Bats and birds are only very distantly related, and both evolved wings for flight in very different evolutionary pathways.

What is the term that describes the wing structures that these species evolved?

• analogous structures

• divergent structures

• embryotic structures

• homologous structures

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Nearly all African elephants have tusks. In 1930, only 1% of the elephant population in Uganda lacked tusks because of a rare genetic mutation. Food was fairly plentiful, and by 1963, there were 3,500 elephants. In the 1970s, civil war in Uganda resulted in wildlife being killed for food, and poachers killed elephants for their ivory tusks. By 1992, the elephant population had dropped to about 200. But by 1998, the population had increased to 1,200. A survey in 1998 revealed that as many as 30% of the adult elephants lacked tusks. There was also a decline in poaching. One part of the Theory of Natural Selection states that variations exist within inherited traits.

Which statement is an example of genetic variation?

• All African Elephants have tusks.

• Poachers killed elephants for their ivory tusks.

• In 1930, only 1% of elephant population did not have tusks.

• by 1998, the african elephant population had increased 1,200.

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which plant group was the first to diverge in the lineage?

• angiosperm

• ferns

• gymnosperms

• mosses

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As described in the table, which phylogenetic tree correctly identifies the evolutionary relationships among the four cereal grain species?

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According to the phylogenetic tree, ​ ​ ​ (a)   is most closely related to the salamander?​

• Lizard

• Chimpanzee

• Lamprey

• Mouse

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The pelvis and femur of the whale are examples of ​ ____________ structures.

• vestigial

• analogous

• evolutionary

• homologous

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What can be inferred about the evolution of these organisms based upon the anatomical structure of each species?

• They shared a common ancestor.

• They used their limbs for similar functions.

• They adapted to the same environmental conditions.

• They Competed for the same sources of food.

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Which statement best explains the presence of the humerus bone in all four vertebrates?

• All vertebrates possess a humerus of approximately the same size and shape.

• Convergent evolution is occurring in all groups of vertebrates.

• These vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor.

• The humerus is a vestigial structure in these vertebrates.

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Cytochrome c is a protein that is essential for aerobic respiration. It is a universal compound that is present in all aerobic organisms. The graph shows the difference in the DNA sequence that codes for human cytochrome c when compared with cytochrome c of other organisms.

Which organism shares the most recent common ancestor with humans?

• bread mold

• horse

• monkey

• moth

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