What is the normal INR reading for a healthy adult?

• 1.3 - 1.5

• 1.1 - 1.3

• 1.1 and below

How long is the warfarin half-life?

• More than 72 hours

• 20 - 60 hours

• Less than 20 hours

Stable INR is defined as

• at least 6 weeks of consistent INR results without warfarin dose adjustment.

• at least 12 weeks of consistent INR results without warfarin dose adjustment.

• at least 24 weeks of consistent INR results without warfarin dose adjustment.

Mr A is a 45 years old man working as an accountant keen to stop smoking. He smokes 20 cigarettes per day. He has no known medical illness but wears a full set of dentures. Which treatment option is best suited for Mr A?

• Nicotine Gum 4 mg

• Nicotine Patch 15 mg/16 hr

Following are the common side effects of Nicotine Patch, EXCEPT

• 
• 
• 

Following are the examples of withdrawal symptoms, EXCEPT

• Jaw ache

• Increased appetite / weight gain

• Irritability / anxiety

Ways HIV is NOT transmitted are as the following, EXCEPT

• mosquitoes, ticks or other insect bites

• pregnancy

• swimming in the same pool

• sharing food and drinks

The following are the examples of antiretroviral drugs available in Malaysia, EXCEPT

• Efavirenz

• Nevirapine

• Zidovudine

• Dabigatran

Which is the criteria of individual that is not suitable for PrEP?

• Individuals confirmed to be HIV-negative

• Uninfected individuals with a creatinine clearance below 60 mL/min

• Transgender (men or women) and are sexually active within the last 6 months

What is the duration of treatment of Ravidasvir and Sofosbuvir in patients with cirrhosis?

• 24 weeks

• 8 weeks

• 12 weeks

• 6 weeks