Clinical Bio_Ch4_2023_2266

MJ is 56-year-old male, who was diagnosed with kidney stones 5 years ago. While his serum urea and creatinine levels were within reference range, a recent blood test revealed urea reading of 30 mmol/L (reference range 1.7-8.3 mmol/L).  

• Reduced degradation of amino acids

• Increased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate

• Renal failure

• Consumption of protein-deficient diet

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in acute kidney injury is likely:

• Decreased

• Increased

• Remains unchanged

• Only reabsorption is altered

Which investigation is least helpful in identifying kidney abnormalities?

• Urine sample

• Blood sample

• Kidney Biopsy

• Peak flow rate

The best overall indicator of kidney function is:

• Glycosuria

• Proteinuria

• GFR

• Blood urea

What parameters are required for eGFR calculation?

• Serum creatinine, age, sex

• Serum creatinine, age, sex, ethnicity

• Serum creatinine, age, muscle mass

• Serum creatinine, age, sex, ethnicity, muscle mass

Measurement of plasma creatinine is more precise than measurement of creatinine clearance.

• True

• False

Increased production of urea in the liver occurs on low protein diets.

• True

• False

Urea is formed in the kidney from ammonia released by deamination of amino acids.

• True

• False

Urine osmolality should be lower than serum osmolality.

• True

• False

A 59-year-old woman, a patient with known manic depression who was being treated with lithium, was admitted to a hospital psychiatric section with a recent history of lethargy and confusion. On examination, she was found to be very dehydrated, and the results of biochemical investigations were:

The value for the calculated plasma osmolality is:

• 428 mmol/Kg

• 224 mmol/Kg

• 209 mmol/Kg

• 204 mmol/Kg