Evidence for Evolution

​ (a)   contain information on traces left by the organism

• Trace Fossils or ichnofossils
• Mold Fossils
• Cast Fossils

Answer explanation

This phrase refers to the evidence that is left behind by an organism, such as fossilized remains, footprints, or other physical evidence. This evidence can be used to study the behavior and evolution of the organism, as well as its environment.

​ ​ (a)   created when an imprint of an organism is made in the substrate. A substrate is the rock or sediment on which a fossil makes its mark.

• Mold Fossils
• True form fossils
• Trace Fossils or ichnofossils

Answer explanation

A fossil is a trace or impression of an organism that has been preserved in the Earth's crust. Fossils are typically created when an organism dies and its remains are buried in sediment or other material. Over time, the remains are compressed and hardened, forming an imprint in the substrate. This imprint is known as a fossil. Fossils can range from simple impressions to detailed casts of the organism's body.

Formed adjoining a mold fossil. Made when substances like minerals fill in the mold fossil and later harden, forming a replica of the organism.

• Trace Fossils or ichnofossils

• Cast Fossils

• True form fossils

• Mold Fossils

Formed when the actual part or the entire organism is fossilized

by minerals that harden to become rock. This process is called petrification. Examples are bones of dinosaurs and insects trapped in amber.

• Mold Fossils

• Cast fossils

• Trace Fossils or ichnofossils

• True form fossils

Answer explanation

Petrification is a process in which an organism is fossilized by minerals that harden to become rock. This process occurs when the organism is exposed to certain conditions, such as high pressure and temperature, that causes the minerals to replace the organic material. This process can occur over a long period of time, and the result is a fossil that is preserved in the rock. Examples of petrified fossils include bones of dinosaurs and insects trapped in amber. Petrified fossils provide valuable information about the organisms that lived in the past, and can help us understand the history of life on Earth.

​ (a)   a qualitative method used to determine the age of the rocks by comparing them with the rocks in the other layer.​

• Relative dating
• Absolute dating
• Geochronology

Answer explanation

Relative dating is a qualitative method used to determine the age of a rock or fossil by comparing it to other rocks or fossils in the same layer. This method is based on the principle of superposition, which states that in a sequence of undeformed sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest rocks are at the top. By comparing the relative ages of the rocks in different layers, geologists can determine the age of the rocks in each layer.

​ (a)   A branch of geology that studies old specific sedimentary rock layers. The younger sedimentary rock layer is assumed to be found on the top and the older rock is found at the bottom layer. Fossils found at the bottom layer are assumed to be older than those on the upper layer.

• Geochronology
• Paleontology
• Sedimentology

Answer explanation

The fossils of invertebrates found at the bottom part of the rock layer suggest

that invertebrates are probably one of the first and oldest organisms that lived on earth.

​ (a)   a quantitative method that uses radioactive isotopes called

radiometric dating.

• Absolute dating
• Radiometric dating
• Relative dating

Answer explanation

Radiometric dating is a quantitative method used to determine the age of an object by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope present in the material. This method works by measuring the decay of a radioactive isotope, such as carbon-14, over time. By measuring the amount of the isotope present in a sample, scientists can calculate how long ago the material was formed. This method is useful for determining the age of fossils, rocks, and other materials that contain radioactive isotopes.

​ (a)   a method used to determine the age of rocks using the decay of radioactive isotopes present in rocks. The most commonly used elements for absolute dating are carbon-14 with a half-life of 5,730 years, and potassium-argon dating

with a half-life of 1.3 billion years.

• Radiometric dating
• Relative dating
• Absolute dating

Answer explanation

All organisms have decaying carbon-14 in it. Plants and animals that are still alive constantly replace the supply of carbon in their body and the amount of carbon -14 in their body stays the same. When an organism dies, carbon-14 starts to decay. Carbon dating is used to tell the age of organic materials.

branch of biology that studies the similarities and differences in the body structures of different organisms. How does comparative anatomy

help in the study of evolution?

• Embryology

• Gross Anatomy

• Comparative Anatomy

• Human anatomy

Answer explanation

Comparative anatomy helps in the study of evolution by allowing scientists to compare the body structures of different organisms. By comparing the body structures of different species, scientists can identify similarities and differences that can be used to infer evolutionary relationships. For example, if two species have similar body structures, it is likely that they are closely related and have evolved from a common ancestor. Comparative anatomy can also be used to identify adaptations that have evolved in different species in response to their environment. By studying the body structures of different species, scientists can gain insight into how different species have adapted to their environment over time.

The type of structures that provide evidence of evolution are ​ (a)   and ​ (b)   Structures

• Homologous
• Analogous

Answer explanation

Fossils and homologous structures are types of structures that provide evidence of evolution. Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Homologous structures are structures that are similar in different organisms due to common ancestry. These structures are evidence of evolution because they show that different organisms have a shared evolutionary history.