Chapter 43

The excerpt below is from a 1923 Alabama law. What was this law written to enforce?

All railroads carrying passengers in this state, other than street railroads, shall provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races, by providing two or more passenger cars for each passenger train, or by dividing the passenger cars by partition, so as to secure separate accommodations.

• de facto segregation

• miscegenation

• de jure segregation

• desegregation

The excerpt below is from an agreement made among homeowners in the Washington Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, in 1927. This agreement is an example of

This Agreement entered into this 30th day of September, 1927, by and between the undersigned owners of land . . . That no part of said premises shall be sold, given, conveyed or leased to any negro or negroes, and no permission or license to use or occupy any part thereof shall be given to any negro except house servants or janitors or chauffeurs employed thereon.

• a restrictive covenant.

• a class-action lawsuit.

• reverse discrimination.

• affirmative action.

Which of the following was not a tactic used to disenfranchise African American voters in the first half of the 20th century?

• gerrymandering

• the poll tax.

• filibustering

• the White primary

In 1948, President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981. What did this order call for?

• preferential treatment in hiring

• the end of the White primary

• desegregation of the armed forces

• the outlawing of racial zoning

What lawsuit was brought before the Supreme Court to challenge the constitutionality of school segregation laws?

• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

• Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Which statement about Black schools in the 1940s is false?

• Classrooms in Black schools were often in poor condition and lacked heating.

• Black schools often lacked the school supplies that White schools had.

• Students often had to walk miles to Black schools because there were no buses.

• Teachers in Black schools were all volunteers and did not receive a salary

What achievement did Jackie Robinson make that helped combat segregation in the 1940s?

• He was the first Black Major League Baseball player and led his team to many victories.

• He was the first Black recipient of a Ph.D and became a well-respected college professor.

• He was the first Black fighter pilot in the armed forces and had many successful defenses.

• He was the first Black U.S. politician and was a popular mayor in a small town in Maine.

What did the pamphlet Black Monday, published in 1955, show about the reactions to desegregation?

• It showed that desegregation occurred without incident in the North.

• It showed that the South was extremely resistant to desegregation.

• It showed that the NAACP was dissatisfied with the rate of desegregation.

• It showed that Congress was against the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision.

How was segregation evident in the workplace?

• Few Black people held white-collar jobs.

• Many Black people earned much lower wages than White people did.

• Illiteracy and a lack of education prevented Black people from obtaining higher-level jobs.

• all of the above

Racial zoning is an example of

• de jure segregation.

• separate but equal doctrine.

• restrictive covenants.

• de facto segregation.