Nelson Mandela & Apartheid Resistance

What is apartheid ? 

• Separation of races

• South Africans were required to register by race: Black, White, Colored (people of mixed ancestry), and Asian. 

How did apartheid impact South Africans ? 

• Policy designed to preserve white control over South Africa. 

• Examples: (write two) 

  Whites seized 87% of all land

  Whites held almost all decent jobs. 

  Black workers were limited to factories, mines, and low-skill work. They were paid less than whites for the same job. 

  Laws restricted where Black people could live & banned marriages between races. 

  Black schools received less funding. 

Did South Africans resist apartheid ? 

• Nelson Mandela & the African National Congress (ANC)

• Nonviolent Resistance (Write one example)

  Boycotts 

  Large Marches 

  Strikes 

What happen in Sharpeville ? 

• Peaceful protest by the ANC. 

• South African police gunned down 69 men, women, and children. 

• Government outlawed ANC and any group that opposed apartheid. 

  As a result of the massacre, Nelson Mandela and other ANC members turned militant

Why was Nelson Mandela arrested ? 

• South Africa was arresting ANC leaders 

  Nelson Mandela went underground and continued to lead the ANC

  The ANC began meeting the violence of the government with violent actions of their own. 

• Mandela was eventually captured by the South African government and sentenced to life in prison for treason. 

What happened in Soweto ? 

• South Africans protested apartheid in Soweto

  Government forces killed 600 protestors 

• The international community, including America, condemned the actions of the South Africa government

• Over the next ten years, massive protests occurred calling for an end to apartheid and Mandela's release. 

• Nations, like America, placed sanctions on South Africa until an end to apartheid. 

When did apartheid end ? 

• Nations around the world pressured South Africa to end apartheid. 

  In 1990, South African president lifted a ban on the ANC and freed Nelson Mandela (27 years after he was arrested). 

• Nelson Mandela and the South African president won the Noble Peace prize in 1993 for their work to end apartheid policies. 

  In 1994, Mandela was elected president of South Africa. It was the countries first non-racial election.