Chapter 11 General Humanities

The belief in a mechanistic universe fashioned by a Creator God who does not directly intervene in its affairs is called ______.

• A) atheism

• B) agnosticism

• C) animism

• D) deism

What does the title of Francis Bacon’s landmark work, Novum Organum, mean?

• A) "Inductive logic"

• B) "New method"

• C) "Not organic"

• D) "Social contract"

What was Francis Bacon's term for the false dogmas or teachings that hindered clear thinking?

• A) Icons

• B) Identities

• C) Idols

• D) Ironies

In his Novum Organum, what did Bacon object to?

• A) The corruption of science by superstition and theology

• B) An overreliance on inductive reasoning

• C) The use of science to question Christian dogma

• D) Knowledge based on faith rather than on reason

Which figure famously recanted his scientific theories in 1633 after having been put on trial for heresy?

• A) Galileo

• B) Newton

• C) Copernicus

• D) Descartes

What was a reason that both Protestants and Catholics opposed the heliocentric theory?

• A) It had no empirical basis.

• B) It contradicted Scripture.

• C) It was introduced to Europe by Muslim astronomers.

• D) It was a form of pagan Sun God worship.

What description of Diderot’s Encyclopedia is accurate?

• A) It was written entirely by Diderot himself.

• B) It was the largest compendium of knowledge produced in the West.

• C) It was an attempt to limit access to technical knowledge and philosophical truth.

• D) It was an attempt to unite the science of the Enlightenment with Christian scripture.

Which of the following men was NOT a significant figure in the movement known as the Scientific Revolution?

• A) Copernicus

• B) Hogarth

• C) Galileo

• D) Newton

What does Descartes’ proposition, “I think, therefore I am,” demonstrate?

• A) His debt to the empirical method

• B) His respect for the theories of Francis Bacon

• C) A premise he could not doubt

• D) His rejection of scientific inquiry

Who were often the organizers of the French salon, the center of intellectual debate?

• A) Noblewomen

• B) Artisans

• C) Priests

• D) Government officials