Immunodeficiency & Hypersensitivity Quiz

Immunodeficiency disease can result from ________________.

• a developmental defect of T lymphocytes.

• developmental defect of bone marrow stem cells.

• defect in phagocyte function.

• all of the options.

Which of the following are effector cells during chronic asthma?

• Macrophages and neutrophils

• Mast cells and eosinophils

• T cells and B cells

• Natural killer cells

Answer explanation

Mast cells and eosinophils are key effector cells in chronic asthma, contributing to inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. They release mediators that exacerbate asthma symptoms, making them central to the disease process.

HIV infected CD4+ T cells may lose the expression of_________ and this leads to killing by ______.

• Class II MHC, cytotoxic T cells

• Class I MHC, Natural Killer cells

• CD4, neutrophils

• CD8, macrophages

Answer explanation

HIV infected CD4+ T cells may lose the expression of Class II MHC, which is crucial for presenting antigens to CD4+ T cells. This loss makes them susceptible to killing by cytotoxic T cells, which recognize infected cells.

What is/are the cardinal symptom(s) of immunodeficiency?

• Chronic diarrhea

• Chronic or recurrent severe infections

• Poor response to treatment of infections

• All of the options

Which of the following statements on severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) is FALSE?

• Patients do not have functional T cells

• Patients do not have functional B cells.

• Patients are suffering from a secondary immunodeficiency

• Patients tend to have recurrent infection.

Answer explanation

The statement 'Patients are suffering from a secondary immunodeficiency' is false. SCID is a primary immunodeficiency, meaning it is due to intrinsic defects in the immune system, not acquired from external factors.

Type III hypersensitivity is also known as ________________.

• Allergy

• Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

• Immune complex reaction

• Delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Answer explanation

Type III hypersensitivity is known as an immune complex reaction, where antigen-antibody complexes form and lead to tissue damage. This distinguishes it from other types like allergy or cytotoxic hypersensitivity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a retrovirus that preferentially infects and kills _______ cells.

• helper T

• cytotoxic T

• NK

• Monocytic

Answer explanation

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which specifically targets and destroys helper T cells. These cells are crucial for the immune response, making their depletion central to the progression of AIDS.

Which of the following is more likely a cause of secondary immunodeficiency?

• Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

• Immunosuppressive drug taken by organ transplant recipients

• MHC class II deficiency

• Severe combined immunodeficiency

Answer explanation

Secondary immunodeficiency is often caused by external factors. Immunosuppressive drugs taken by organ transplant recipients weaken the immune system, making them more susceptible to infections, thus representing a clear cause.

______________hypersensitivity is known as delayed type hypersensitivity, whereas _____________ hypersensitivity is known as immediate hypersensitivity.

• Type II; Type IV

• Type IV; Type I

• Type III; Type I

• Type I; Type IV

The presence of __________ and _______ are associated with Type III hypersensitivity reactions.

• basophils; mast cells

• antibodies; complement

• eosinophils; cytokines

• T-cells; interleukins

Answer explanation

Type III hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes, which consist of antibodies and antigens. Complement activation is also a key feature, making 'antibodies; complement' the correct answer.