16.1/16.2 Review

When Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands, he discovered that similar animals living on separate islands had different features. The tortoises eat plants. On one island, plants grow very close to the ground. Which island is this most likely to be? Why?

• Isabela Island tortoise; their legs and neck are shorter. They are better adapted to eating vegetation from the ground.

• Hood Island tortoise; their long necks will allow them to reach maximum vegetation.

• Neither tortoise will eat vegetation that is growing close to the ground.

On the map above, look at the continents where rheas, emus, and ostriches are  found. Why were the similarities among rheas, ostriches, and emus surprising to Darwin? 

• It was not surprising to Darwin; he already knew all 3 species of these birds existed.

• It was surprising because these 3 species were related, even though they were geographically very far away from each other.

• It was surprising because these 3 unrelated different bird species lived so far away from each other, yet looked very similar.

What did the similarities between fossil animals and modern animals, like the glyptodont and armadillo, suggest to Darwin? 

• That a large armadillo-like species is still alive today.

• There were no similarities between the two species.

• The similarities suggested to Darwin that the modern species may be related to the extinct fossil species.

Does the idea belong to Lamark or Darwin:

"Giraffes have long necks because long necked giraffes were able to survive, reproduce and pass down their genes for many generations."

• Darwin

• Lamark

Does the idea belong to Lamark or Darwin:

"Acquired Characteristics  "

• Darwin

• Lamark

Does the idea belong to Lamark or Darwin:

"Giraffes have long necks because they stretched their necks to reach food and passed that trait to their offspring. "

• Darwin

• Lamark

Does the idea belong to Lamark or Darwin:

"Organisms well fit for their environments survive, reproduce and pass down genes."

• Darwin

• Lamark

What scientist does this idea go with?

"Earth is ancient and still changing/Earth is much older than a few thousand years."

• James Hutton/Charles Lyell

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

• Charles Darwin

What scientist does this idea go with?

"Survival of the fittest/ Natural Selection/Evolution"

• James Hutton/Charles Lyell

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

• Charles Darwin

Which observation caused Thomas Malthus to form his theory about population growth?

• Human birth rate was higher than the death rate.

• War caused the death of thousands of people.

• The offspring of most species survived into adulthood.