Evolution Test Two Review

Comparative anatomy shows that the bones in the leg of a horse, arm of a human, and wing of a bird have very similar structure. What part of the theory of evolution is supported by this evidence?

• Animals evolved similar structures to perform the same functions.
• Animals evolved from a common ancestor with the same basic bone structure.
• Animals evolved similar structures because they live in similar environments.
• Animals evolved similar bone structure because they evolved at the same time.

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Look at the graph below. What reproductive barrier appears to keep bullfrogs from mating with leopard frogs?

• breeding season
• habitats
• hybrids are sterile
• geographic isolation

The diagram shows the frequency of alleles A and a in a population over three generations. The starting allele frequency of A is p = 0.6. The population remains in the same location and does not experience any environmental changes. Which best describes what is happening to the population over three generations?

• genetic drift
• founder effect
• allopatric speciation
• reproductive isolation

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The diagram shows two populations of bacteria. This diagram reveals that natural selection operated on the April population of bacteria. This led to

• a slight decrease in the amount of diversity in the June population.
• a slight increase in the amount of diversity in the June population.
• a complete lack of diversity in the June population.
• the same amount of diversity in the June population.

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The diagram shows the effect of disruptive selection on a population of moths. Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that produces

• one group with similar traits in a population.
• individuals of different sexes in a population.
• individuals at different developmental stages in a population.
• two or more groups with different traits in a population.

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Speciation, which leads to diversity among species through natural selection, occurs when

• species experience change within their lineage and develop new characteristics.
• species interact with other species in an ecosystem and develop similar traits to each other.
• once similar species are no longer able to mate and produce fertile offspring.
• organisms develop characteristics that mimics traits of a completely different species.

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The diagram shows a population of a fish species that live in a river ecosystem.

A small part of the population are geographically isolated from the rest of the population when a dam is built. The diagram shows the populations five years after the dam has been constructed.

If the dam is removed, which statement BEST describes if the two populations could produce fertile offspring?

• The two populations can produce fertile offspring because they have a common ancestor.

• The two species cannot produce fertile offspring because they have different appearances.

• The two populations can produce fertile offspring because they have the same resources available.

• The two populations cannot produce fertile offspring because they have become two different species.

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Mr. Esparra sprayed a type of pesticide in his garden to kill the insects that are eating his plants. There were very few insects for a few weeks, but then the insect population grew as they produced offspring. Mr. Esparra treated the insects again with the same pesticide. However, the pesticide did not kill as many insects. The model below shows how the insects in Mr. Esparra's garden were affected by the pesticide applications. Which of the following statements BEST explains this phenomenon?

• Because of selective breeding, the insects that survived the first round of pesticide were able to choose how their offspring would react to pesticide.

• Because of natural selection, the insects that survived the first round of pesticide produced offspring that were likely to resist the pesticide as well.

• Because of selective breeding, the pesticide that was used only targeted certain kinds of insects to allow the rest to thrive in the garden.

• Because of natural selection, the pesticide changed over time because it adapted to the garden environment in which it was sprayed.

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A scientist maintains a healthy culture of a single species of bacteria in a container. She then introduces a new substance into the bacterial culture. Within a day, most of the bacteria died. Which of the following best explains why some of the bacteria survived?

• They mutated and became a different species after exposure to the substance.

• They had a genetic variation that gave them resistance to the added substance.

• They absorbed the substance and broke it down in their digestive systems.

• They were exposed to the substance long enough to develop a resistance to it.

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The model below shows the initial result of treating a population of bacteria with antibiotics. The red bacteria represent mutated bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following describes what would MOST LIKELY happen to the bacteria population next?

• No bacteria will be left after the red bacteria mutate and are killed by the antibiotic.

• The red bacteria will remain but will not be able to reproduce due to their mutation.

• The red bacteria will reproduce, creating an equal number of red and blue offspring.

• The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their mutation to their offspring.

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