NF Midterm Quiz

carbs: energy systems must have a basic fuel supply: photosynthesis

• plant carbs (starch) is broken down to glucose

• plants transform energy from sun into carbs

• stored fuel (starch) forms in the plant

• plant sources of carbs can easily be broken down through digestion

carbs and energy:

• basic fuel source (4kcal/g)

• energy production system

• body's energy system digests carbs and absorbs glucose

• glucose is then carried to cells for the production of ATP

carbs dietary importance

• widely available and easily grown

• low cost

• easily stored

classes of carbs

• monosaccharides

• polysaccharides

• dietary fiber

carbs

• consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• saccharide: carb. class name "saccharum" = Latin for sugar

• classified based on number of saccharide units

monosaccharides

• glucose

• fructose

• galactose

known as dextrose. primary energy source - circulates in the blood (BGL's). primarily comes from starch breakdown - may come from corn syrup or processed foods

• glucose

• fructose

• galactose

known as fruit sugar - found in fruit and honey. sweetest sugar of the simplest sugars. high fructose corn syrups are used in processed foods, canned foods, frozen foods, soft drinks

• glucose

• fructose

• galactose

not usually found as a monosaccharide in the diet. derived from lactose digestion. lactose = milk sugar: glucose and galactose

• glucose

• fructose

• galactose

polysaccharides: complex carbs composed of many sugar units

• starch

• glycogen