AP BIO: Cell Cycle

any other cell than a gamete - has 46 chromosomes in humans (diploid cell)

• epithelial cells

• somatic cell

• gamete cell

• nerve cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A display of condensed chromosomes arranged in pairs. Used to screen for abnormal numbers of chromosomes or defective chromosomes associated with certain congenital disorders, such as down syndrome.

• Karyotype

• eukaryote

• prokaryote

• Autosome

The 2 chromosomes composing a pair have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern; also called homologues. Both chromosomes in a pair carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics.

• heterogeneous

• metacentric chromosomes

• homologous chromosomes

• heterozygous

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

X and Y chromosomes - determine an individuals sex

• sex chromosomes

• male

• female

• body chromosomes

The other chromosomes (not the X and Y sex chromosomes).

22 pairs (in humans)

• autoshop

• sex chromosomes

• autosomes

• sex cells

Any cell with 2 chromosome sets; has a diploid number of chromosomes, abbreviated 2n. (ex. humans=2n=46)

• mitosis

• diploid cell

• haploid cell

• meiosis

Any cell with 1 chromosome set (gametes=egg and sperm); each has n chromosomes (haploid #). (ex. humans=n=23)

• meiosis

• haploid cell

• single cell

• diploid cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Union of gametes (sperm and ovum), culminating in fusion of their nuclei. Restores the diploid condition, forming a zygote. The diploid zygote develops into an adult (as a result of mitotic cell division).

• fertilization

• zygote

• formation

• fusion

The egg resulting from fertilization; diploid, as it contains 2 haploid sets of chromosomes bearing genes representing the maternal and paternal family lines.

• haploid cell

• diploid cell

• embryo

• zygote

How are karyotpes prepared?

• -Prepared from isolated somatic cells

• -Somatic Cells are treated with a drug to stimulate mitosis and then grown in culture for several days.

• -A slide of cells arrested in metaphase is stained and then viewed with a microscope equipped with a digital camera.

• -A digital photograph of the chromosomes is entered into a computer and the chromosomes are electronically rearranged into pairs according to size and shape.