IS le 4

Which of the following statements correctly defines autoimmunity?

• Increase of tolerance to self-antigens and subsequent formation of autoantibodies

• Loss of tolerance to self-antigens

• Increase in clonal deletion of mutant cells

• Manifestation of immunosuppression

What disease is indicated by a high titer of anti-Sm (anti-Smith) antibody?

• Mixed connective tissue disease

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• Scleroderma

Which of the following is true about the factors influencing development to autoimmunity?

• Autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies are found more frequently in men than women

• Human leukocyte antigens are associated with decreased risk of autoimmune states

• The incidence of autoantibodies decreases steadily with age due to decreased immune status of the elderly

• Ultraviolet radiation, viruses, and chronic infectious disease may play a role in the development of autoimmune disorders

Which statement is not true about central tolerance?

• The process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are reactive to self

• A process involving mature lymphocytes and occurs in the circulation / immune periphery

• Also known as negative selection

• Develops in the thymus during fetal life

In celiac disease, key laboratory diagnostic assays comprise testing for

• autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG)

• endomysium (EmA) antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides

• celiac disease (CD)-associated human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8

• All are correct

Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase can be detected by using agglutination assays. Which of the following diseases may show positive results with this type of assay?

• Myasthenia gravis

• Granulomatous thyroid disease

• Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

• Addison’s disease

Which statement explains the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

• elevated titers of anti-dsDNA and anti–ribosomal P antibodies, as well as reduced levels of complement and leukopenia

• loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens with deposition of immune complexes in tissues and associated multiorgan involvement

• presence of acetylcholine receptor-blocking antibodies

• an infective agent or other stimulus binds to receptors on dendritic cells which then activates the innate immune system

Which of the following is incorrect about antinuclear antibodies?

• the indirect immunofluorescence test is the most widely used assay for the detection of ANA and remains the reference method of choice for the detection of these antibodies

• are heterogeneous group of circulating

• immunoglobulins that include IgM, IgG, and IgA are true antibodies since they react with the whole nucleus or nuclear components

• has 3 groups of ANA: antibodies to DNA, histone, and to nucleolar proteins

Which of the following is incorrect about Multiples Sclerosis?

• Inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration are the major pathologic mechanisms that cause the clinical manifestations

• Results from T cell–independent inflammatory demyelination of the CNS

• Osteopontin has been found to be very active in areas of myelin damage during relapse and remission and in myelin synthesizing cells and nerve cells

• One of its immunologic manifestations is in vitro cell-mediated immunity by blood and cerebrospinal fluid cells to myelin components

Which statement is true about Myasthenia Gravis?

• Cell-mediated, complement-independent, antibody-determined damage

• An autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction characterized by fluctuating weakness involving variable combinations of ocular, bulbar, limb, and respiratory muscles

• Usually associated with hypoplasia of the thymus and decrease in thymic T and B cells

• Elevated cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is seen