Echo workbook week 2

Aortic isthmus is prone to aortic dissection caused by a deceleration injury; where is it located?

• between aortic arch & pulmonary artery

• between ascending aorta & aortic arch

• between brachiocephalic artery & left subclavian artery

• between left subclavian artery & ligamentum arteriosum

Thoracic descending aorta becomes the abdominal descending aorta at the level of the aortic isthmus.

• true

• false

Answer explanation

at the level of the diaphragm

Atrioventricular valves close once the atrial pressure exceeds the ventricular pressure.

• true

• false

Answer explanation

the valves OPEN once the atrial pressure exceeds the ventricular pressure.

What do the ventricles experience during early diastole when the ventricular pressures are at their lowest?

• decreased filling

• decreased pressure

• rapid early filling

• second heart sound

What is the largest volume in the heart during the cardiac cycle?

• early-diastolic volume

• end-diastolic volume

• end-systolic volume

• rapid early filling

Atrial systole may create a fourth heart sound.

• true

• false

What moment in the cardiac cycle are all four valves closed while the ventricular pressure increases?

• diastole

• isovolumic contraction

• isovolumic relaxation

• systole

What moment in the cardiac cycle are the atrioventricular valves closed and semilunar valves open?

• diastole

• isovolumic contraction

• isovolumic relaxation

• systole

During systole the semilunar valves open once the ventricular pressure exceeds the great artery pressure.

• true

• false

During diastole there is a small diastolic pressure gradient (PG) across the atrioventricular valves, what is the result?

• all valves remain closed

• atrioventricular valves are forced closed

• passive filling from the atria into the ventricles

• semilunar valves are forced open