ES Ch. 22 Review

Which ancient astronomer developed a geocentric model of the universe explaining the observable motions of the planets?

• Aristotle

• Ptolemy

• Copernicus

• Newton

The apparent westward movement of a planet against the background of stars is called ____.

• retrograde motion

• revolution

• rotation

• universal gravitation

According to the ancients, the stars traveled around Earth on the transparent, hollow ____.

• equatorial plane

• celestial sphere

• solar orb

• ellipse

The geocentric model of the universe stated that ____. (Use your Latin)

• Earth revolved around the celestial sphere

• the sun was the center of the universe

• Earth was a “wanderer”

• Earth was the center of the universe

In the Ptolemaic model of the universe, ____.

• Earth was flat

• Earth was the center of the universe

• the sun was the center of the solar system

• Earth was much larger than the sun

One astronomical unit (AU) averages about ____.

• 39 million kilometers

• 93 million kilometers

• 150 million kilometers

• 210 million kilometers

A measure of the total amount of matter an object contains is called ____.

• density

• mass

• volume

• weight

Using Tycho Brahe’s data, which scientist proposed three laws of planetary motion?

• Newton

• Kepler

• Galileo

• Copernicus

The first early astronomer to propose a sun-centered solar system was ____.

• Galileo

• Newton

• Copernicus

• Brahe

Which scientist determined the nature of the forces that keep the planets in their orbits?

• Copernicus

• Galileo

• Brahe

• Newton