EOC WARM UP: BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Imagine you are a locksmith. How would you explain the relationship between the structure of a key (enzyme) and its function?

• The key (enzyme) releases the energy in the lock (substrate).

• The key (enzyme) reacts with the lock (substrate).

• The unique cut of the key (enzyme's active site) allows it to fit with only one specific lock (substrate molecule).

• The key (enzyme) interacts with the lock (substrate) like a welder building a steel skyscraper.

Why is the “lock and key” analogy often used to describe enzyme function?

• Each enzyme is the same as its substrate.

• Each enzyme will fit with only one specific kind of substrate.

• Each enzyme can only be used once in a reaction and cannot be used again.

• Each enzyme has its own active site that will not fit with other active sites.

Most human enzymes operate under an optimal pH near neutral. Which pH range would best represent this environment?

• 4–6

• 6–8

• 8–10

• 10–12

Amylase is a biocatalyst that hydrolyzes starch into simple sugar molecules in the pancreas. Which best describes amylase?

• lipid

• protein

• fatty acid

• carbohydrate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The enzyme amylase can digest carbohydrates, but it cannot digest proteins. Which explains the effect of amylase on the digestion of carbohydrates compared to proteins?

• Amylase is a protein, so it is restricted to acting on non-protein molecules such as carbohydrates.

• Amylase can digest carbohydrates because it is an enzyme, but proteins cannot be digested by enzymes.

• Amylase can digest carbohydrates because carbohydrates, unlike proteins, are excellent sources of cellular energy.

• Amylase lowers the activation energy required for the digestion of carbohydrates, but has no impact on the activation energy required to digest proteins.

Which is a building block for a lipid?

• glycerol

• nucleotide

• amino acid

• monosaccharide

Which best describes the importance of lipids to organisms?

• They provide keratin in hair and outer layers of the skin.

• They keep cellular organelles hydrated within an organism.

• They provide storage for cellular waste within an organism.

• They serve as cellular membrane components and as concentrated energy sources.

If nucleic acids code for proteins, which is a function of proteins?

• to store hereditary information

• to store energy for long-term use

• to provide a quick supply of energy

• to provide structure and transport materials in cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of these statements describes how monomers combine and create macromolecules?

• Amino acids combine to make proteins.

• Glucose molecules combine to make nucleic acids.

• Nucleic acids combine to make starch.

• Proteins combine to make glucose.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which type of organic molecule should a person limit in order to lose weight?

• Carbohydrates, because they store twice as much energy/gram. If they are not used, they will cause weight gain.

• Lipids, because they store twice as much energy/gram. If they are not used, they will cause weight gain.

• Carbohydrates, because they are nonpolar molecules and are insoluble in water.

• Lipids, because they are nonpolar and soluble in water.