Immune System

Innate immunity.....

• is activated immediately upon infection

• depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to the same pathogen

• is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens

• is found only in vertebrate animals

The most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation is ________.

• heat, pain, and redness

• pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue

• swelling and pain

• swelling, heat, redness, and pain

The cells/signaling molecules involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response are ___, while cells/signaling molecules that initiate dilation of blood vessels are ___.

• phagocytes and lysozymes

• macrophages/chemokines; mast cells/histamines

• dendritic cells/interferons; mast cells/lysozymes

• mast cells/ histamines; phagocytes

The results shown in the accompanying graph support the hypothesis that ________.

• Toll protein is necessary for protection from death by fungal infection

• after fungal infection, wild-type flies die more rapidly than mutants lacking the Toll protein

• flies lacking the Toll protein die within one day of a fungal infection

• Toll proteins have a delayed affect in killing flies

Antigens are ____.

• immunoglobulins.

• used by the immune system to neutralize foreign objects.

• foreign molecules that can initiate an immune response.

• produced by white blood cells.

The immune response that is rapid but generic is called ____.

• acquired

• adaptive

• individual

• innate

Adaptive immunity is based upon ____.

• traits common to groups of pathogens.

• antigen-specific recognition.

• maternal provision of antibodies to offspring.

• plants being exposed to new pathogens.

A person who took a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely ___.

• lack class I MHC molecules on cell surfaces

• be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors

• be unable to differentiate and mature T cells

• lack innate immunity

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes; rather, this wide range of antibody production is due to ________.

• increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules

• genetic DNA recombination

• alternative splicing of exons after transcription

• rearrangements of cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The activation of helper T cells is likely ________.

• when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell

• when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines

• when natural killer cells come in contact with a tumor cell

• in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test