Benchmark 2 Review

The path energy entering Earth follows begins with _____ , which catalyzes photosynthesis, producing sugar.

• Volcanos

• Hydrothermal Vents

• Animals

• The Sun

The process below is a model of Photosynthesis.

What is the missing component representing the substance taken into the plant?

• Oxygen

• Soil

• Water

• Sugar

As living systems use energy they also transform matter. All of these matter transformations are the result of living systems–

• recombining elements in different ways to form new products.

• changing inorganic elements into new elements that are useful.

• removing the electric charge on large molecules to gain energy.

• using energy to break the bonds of organic compounds.

Once plants produce sugar through photosynthesis, animals can consume that sugar, where it is broken down in their cells by __________ ("the powerhouse of the cell"), which then makes it into usable energy as ATP.

• the Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Cell Membranes

When an animal consumes food, the sugar molecules are-

• Rearranged to form new substances such as ATP and proteins and release energy

• Immediately stored as a long-term energy source

• The molecules do not change, but energy is created from nothing

• Stored until a better form of energy is available, such as protein

Which of the following provides the best evidence that living things use and recombine carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to form molecules for new cells?

• The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are among the most common elements in the universe, but are not the most common elements on Earth.

• The relative amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in the earth’s atmosphere have changed over the history of the planet during which living things evolved.

• The cells of living things contain molecules made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the same elements found in the glucose consumed by living things.

• The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are able to bond with each other to form complex molecules that are chains of repeating structures.

If an endangered animal who lives in a remote area and relies only on a very specific diet to survive is destroyed, what will happen to that animal's ability to survive?

• They would find new food.

• They would evolve into a new species.

• Losing their food source would take away their source of energy, possibly leading to extinction.

• They would leave and find a new habitat.

Identify the animal in this food web that obtains nutrients directly from producers.

• frogs

• caterpillars

• foxes

• trout

Which of the following organisms is part of the trophic level with the greatest amount of stored energy?

• Vulture

• Wildebeest

• Termite

• Red Oat Grass

The diagram provided shows the amount of energy available in Watts per square meter in a typical habitat.

Which of the following is the best estimate of the energy available at the level of tertiary consumers in this habitat?

• 0.08 W/m2

• 0.01 W/m2

• 0.002 W/m2

• 0.0008 W/m2