Natural Selection: Last quiz before spring break!

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as (a)  

• fossil structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• vestigial structures

Many species have embryos with very similar features during early development. What does this tell us about these organisms?

The embryos below are in chronological order from top to bottom.

• It's likely that they all share a common ancestor

• They are all closely related to each other

• There is only one template for embryos that all organisms have to use

• All organisms have gills to breathe in the ocean

Which pair of organisms are the MOST closely related?

• chimpanzees and gibbons

• humans and chimpanzees

• orangutans and gibbons 

• gibbons and vervets

Which evidence supports that humans and chimpanzees are most closely related?

• They have the fewest similar anatomical features and genes. 

• They are the farthest apart from each other on the cladogram.

• They have the fewest base pairs in common with each other. 

• They have the least genomic difference between them. 

What evidence does the cladogram provide?

• It provides evidence that chimpanzees are the ancestors of humans.

• It provides evidence that humans are the ancestors of chimpanzees.

• It provides evidence of one common ancestor of all primates.

• It provides evidence that all primates had different ancestors.

Using the base pairs of DNA sequences, which statement(s) explain(s) why primates share some similarities in their appearance, and explain(s) why there are differences in their appearances. 

• Primates share some similarities in their appearance because different patterns of DNA sequences can code for the same amino acids.

• Primates are different from each other because they were created that way by divinity.

• Primates are similar to each other because they were created that way.

• Primates can have differences in their appearance because they do not have identical DNA sequences and identical amino acids. Different amino acids code for different proteins. 

How can an environmental change cause a shift in the traits of a population?

• An environmental change can cause organisms to choose traits that are more favorable. 

• An environmental change can make organisms that are less suited for survival reproduce more rapidly. 

• An environmental change can cause some organisms to change their behaviors and quit reproducing. 

• An environmental change can make some organisms better suited for survival than others.

Which statement is BEST supported by the data in the graph?

• The percentage of birds with larger beaks increased because they were better able to find food and survive to reach reproductive age.

• The percentage of birds with smaller beaks increased because they were better able to find food and survive to reach reproductive age.

• The percentage of birds with smaller beaks increased because there was less competition for food with the large-beaked birds.

• The percentage of birds with larger beaks decreased because there was increased competition for food with the smaller-beaked birds.

The changed environment selected​ ​ (a)   the birds with smaller beaks. The populations with smaller beaks ​ ​ (b)   because of an ​ (c)   in competition over smaller beaks.

• against
• decreased
• increase
• for
• with
• increased
• influx

Select TWO processes that are MOST LIKELY to cause the variation in bird beak size traits within this population.

• Sexual reproduction

• Asexual reproduction

• Migration

• Mutation