P.6E Thermodynamics

Which of the following situations is an example of entropy increasing?

• A pond freezing during the winter

• A glass of water sitting on a table at room temperature

• A pot of boiling water cooling to room temperature

• A water heater turning cold water into hot water

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Heat transfers by conduction when--

• ice melts in a microwave.

• a shirt touches a hot iron.

• water warms in sunlight.

• a ceiling fan moves air.

Which of the following statements is supported by the first law of thermodynamics?

• The energy inside any system is equal to the energy outside.

• The total amount of energy in the universe is steadily decreasing.

• Energy can never enter a closed system, nor can it leave a closed system.

• The total energy in a closed system is a conserved quantity.

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Unlike convection or conduction, only radiation is able to transfer heat –

• from one solid to another.

• through a liquid medium.

• through the vacuum of space.

• between two different gases.

In any system, thermal energy will always flow from an object with–

• greater heat to an object with less heat.

• more mass to an object with less mass.

• less heat to an object with greater heat.

• less mass to an object with more mass.

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Three beakers containing the same volume of water at three different temperatures are placed in a room with air at standard air temperature.

Which of the following will be the most likely result?

• The amount of total energy in the water molecules for all three beakers will increase.

• The temperature in all three beakers will eventually be 25ºC.

• The beaker at 0ºC will increase to 90ºC.

• The surrounding room temperature will eventually be 100ºC.

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Cooking noodles in a pot of boiling water on an electric stove demonstrates thermal heat transfer by convection when the –

• electricity is converted to heat energy in the stove.

• heating elements of the stove transfers heat to the pot.

• metal pot transfers heat to the water in the pot.

• water in the pot transfers heat to the noodles.

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Which of the following is an example of a campfire transferring heat by radiation?

• People keeping warm near the fire.

• Wood being thrown into the fire.

• Using a match to start the fire.

• Ash and smoke created by the fire.

As the temperature of a closed system approaches absolute zero, -

• the molecules of the system gain energy.

• the number of molecules of the system increases.

• the energy of the molecules increases.

• the motion of the molecules decreases.

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A bowl of hot soup and a glass of ice water are left in a room. Eventually the soup and the water become the same temperature as their surroundings. Which of the following explains the flow of heat that led to this final outcome?

• The heat of the soup and the cold of the water were exchanged, cancelling each other out.

• Heat energy went from the soup to the room and from the room into the ice water.

• Heat energy went from the ice water to the soup and from the soup to the room.

• The low temperature of the water was transferred to the room and from the room to the soup.

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