Petroleums and Polymers IGCSE

Which statement about petroleum is not correct?

• It can be separated into useful substances by fractional distillation.

• It consists mainly of hydrocarbons.

• It is found underground in many parts of the world.

• Its main use is for making lubricants and polishes.

The diagram shows an industrial process. Substance M is one of the substances produced by this process and is used as aircraft fuel. What is this process and what is substance M?

• fractional distillation - paraffin

• fractional distillation - petrol

• thermal decomposition - paraffin

• thermal decomposition - petrol

In an oil refinery, crude oil is separated into useful fractions. The diagram shows some of these fractions. What are fractions X, Y, and Z?

• X= fuel oil ; Y= bitumen ; Z= paraffin (kerosene)

• X= fuel oil ; Y= paraffin (kerosene) ; Z= bitumen

• X= paraffin (kerosene) ; Y= bitumen ; Z= fuel oil

• X= paraffin (kerosene) ; Y= fuel oil ; Z= bitumen

Diesel, petrol and bitumen are all ...

• fuels

• hydrocarbons

• lubricants

• waxes

Petroleum is a very important raw material that is separated into more useful products. Which terms describe petroleum and the method used to separate it?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The table shows the composition of four different types of petroleum (crude oil). Which type of petroleum is best for the motor vehicle industry?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Which industrial process is shown in the diagram?

• cracking

• fermentation

• fractional distillation

• polymerisation

Which properties of the different compounds in petroleum enable its separation into fractions?

1. boiling point
2. chain length
3. chemical reactivity
4. solubility in water

• 1 and 2

• 1 and 3

• 2 and 4

• 3 and 4

Bitumen is a substance obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum. Which row describes its boiling point and the size of its molecules?

• b.p. high, size large

• b.p. high, size small

• b.p. low, size large

• b.p. low, size small

Which fraction from the fractional distillation of petroleum does not match its correct use?

• A

• B

• C

• D