Natural Selection Practice test review

Volcanic islands form when lava from a volcano cools and builds up to create mounds in the ocean. The islands of Hawaii were formed sequentially, from West to East, over thousands of years as the under-sea volcanoes erupted beginning approximately 3 million years ago. This phylogeny represents 5 species of Drosophila that can be found on these islands. Select the two species that are most closely related to each other.

• Drosophila hemispiza
• Drosophila differens
• Drosophila planitibia
• Drosophila silvestris
• Drosophila heteroneura

Sometimes a population of organisms becomes geographically isolated. This leads to a once interbreeding population to no longer be able to interbreed. Over time, through natural selection and evolution, different species emerge from the once interbreeding population. This is known as...

• natural selection
• speciation
• unfortunate
• fitness

The owl in the image below is displaying _______ . This is a ____________ type of adaptation.

• mimicry, structural
• camouflage, behavioral
• camouflage, structural
• mimicry, behavioral
• camouflage, physiological

The three snakes below are different species. One is a coral snake, which is venomous. Another is the king snake, which is non-venomous. The third is a corn snake, which is also non-venomous. This is an example of _____________ and is a __________ type of adaptation.

• mimicry, behavioral
• camouflage, structural
• mimicry, structural
• camouflage, behavioral
• mimicry, physiological

Snakes are able to make venom in their cells that help them to kill prey. The giant African Millipede is able to make a neurotoxin that helps to temporarily paralyze their prey. Plants will always grow towards the sun, this is known as phototropism and happens because of chemical reactions inside the plant. All of these adaptations are _____________.

• physiological
• mimicry
• structural
• behavioral
• camouflage

This graph illustrates changes in two lizard populations over time. Based on the data in this graph which of the following statements are TRUE. (select all that apply)

• Population B is less fit to survive in this environment than Population A.
• The death rate is higher than the birth rate in Population B over 10 years.
• Natural Selection is acting on a beneficial trait in Population B.
• The death rate is lower than the birth rate in Population B over 10 years.
• Individuals in population B are genetically changing to be less adapted to this environment.

Below is a picture of rock layers that contain fossil evidence of evolution. Based on the picture, which of the following statements is true? Select all that apply.

• The most recent organisms are found in the top layer (light gray) of rock strata.
• The oldest fossils are located in the bottom layer (green) of rock strata.
• By knowing relative age of the rocks, we can also assume relative age of the fossils.
• The oldest fossils are found in the brown layer of rock strata.
• The fossils in the bottom (green) layer are more recent and complex than the fossils in the top (light gray) layer of rock strata.

A kakapo is a large, flightless, nocturnal, ground-dwelling bird of the super-family Strigopoidea, endemic to New Zealand. Below is a picture of two male kakapo and their offspring. Which bird is more fit? Why?

• They are both equally fit because they both survived and produced offspring.
• Male 1 is more fit because he had more than 2 offspring that were also able to produce offspring.
• Male 2 is more fit because he had double the offspring, which were also able to produce twice as many offspring as Male 1.
• Neither male is fit because number of offspring does not indicate fitness.

Check all that apply to Natural Selection.

• There must be genetic variation within a population.
• Traits must be heritable (passed on to the next generation).
• Amount of offspring must be different due to successfulness in the environment.
• Reproduction must be sexual.
• Reproduction must be asexual.

Genetic Isolation is defined as

• When a species hides from predators to survive.
• When a population is divided by a barrier so they can no longer interbreed.
• When genes of one species are separated from the genes of another.
• Two different species come together in one place and are able to interbreed.