April 6th Pre-Assessment - Biology EOC Review

Which of the following are the monomers that make up proteins?

• Nucleotides

• Amino Acids

• Fatty Acids

• Monosaccharides

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?

• Sexual reproduction requires two parents & asexual reproduction requires only one parent

• Asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent

• Mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction

• Asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms

Two strawberry plants are grown.  Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are found in the leaf cells of Plant 2?

• 14

• 28

• 56

• 112

Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?

• Absence of cyclins in the DNA

• Multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA

• Uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle

• Presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders

Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram below?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

During prophase of mitosis, chromosomes consist of two chromatids.  When, during the cell cycle, is the second chromatid created?

• Cytokinesis

• G1 phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

Cells pass through a G checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is 2 detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

• So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place

• So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

• So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

• So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell phase of mitosis is the student looking for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

A healthy human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

• Enzymes function best at a specific temperature

• The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia

• The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action

• There is no connection between the two statements.

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction