Biology STAAR Review: 5A & 6A

The life cycle of a frog is illustrated in the diagram. Which statement best explains how the cell cycle is important to the life cycle of the frog?

• It enables frogs to produce tadpoles that are clones.

• It allows frogs to grow, develop, and reproduce.

• It prevents overproduction of frog offspring.

• It ensures the best adapted frogs survive and pass on traits to offspring.

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The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase. Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?

• The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.

• The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

• The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.

• The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.

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The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

• Mitosis

• G1 Phase

• G2 Phase

• S Phase

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

• G1 Phase

• S Phase

• G2 Phase

• M Phase

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

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A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram. Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?

• Nucleotide

• Phosphate group

• Hydrogen bond

• Deoxyribose

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

• Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

• Differences in the diets of individual cattle

• Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas

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Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box. Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

• 1, 3, 5, and 6 only

• 3 and 5 only

• 2 and 4 only

• 3, 4, 7, and 8 only

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.

3' AGGTCAGGT 5'

Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?

• 5' AGGTCAGGT 3'

• 5' ACCUGAGGU 3'

• 5' TGGACTGGA 3'

• 5' TCCAGTCCA 3'

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

• The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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