Genetics Ch20 Cancer Ch21 DNA

Cancer can result from a failure of ​ (a)  

• a cell cycle check point.
• DNA replication
• the plasma membrane

A mutation that occurs in cells that do not develop into gametes is called a ​ (a)   mutation.

• somatic
• inherited
• germline
• random

Which of the following characteristics are typical of cancer cells? (Select all that apply.)

• More adherent than normal cells

• Loss of cell cycle control

• Dedifferentiated

• Lack contact inhibition

• Decreased mutation rate

Which of the following events at the cellular level can result in development of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

• Activation of cancer stem cells

• Increase in the proportion of stem cells within a tissue

• Defective tissue repair

• Induction of stem cell specialization

• Dedifferentiation

Which statements about the genetic changes that occur during tumor progression is true? (Select all that apply.)

• Changes in chromosome number, deletions, and duplications can cause cancer, but the point mutation cannot cause cancer.

• The older a tumor is, the more genetic changes it will have.

• Most cancers are the result of a single genetic change.

• A mutation present in all stages of a tumor acts early in the disease process.

Genes that normally stimulate cell division when it is appropriate are called ​ (a)   .

• proto-oncogenes
• oncogenes
• tumor suppressors

Which description pertains to oncogenes?

• Inactivation causes cancer.

• Activation causes cancer.

• Cancer entails a loss of function.

• Often inactivated by a point mutation or deletion.

All cancers reflect, at the most general level, a defect in

• DAN replication.

• the formation of mitochondria.

• cell membrane structure.

• the cell cycle.

Genetic modification

• alters genetic codes so that one species' code is like another's.

• add sugars and phosphates in a nucleus.

• substitutes entire nuclei to genetically engineer a cell.

• alters, deletes, or adds DNA to a cell.

A molecule consists of a piece of DNA from one organism combined with the DNA from a member of another species is called

• recombinant DNA.

• restricted DNA.

• homogenic DNA.

• bioengineered DNA.