(1.02 MC) SC.912. L.14.1 Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both

• are based on what we expect to happen based on natural history

• describe the events that can be observed in nature

• explain why events and conditions occur as they do in the natural world

• represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence

(1.02 MC) SC.912. . L.14.1 To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because

• cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years

• large medical institutions have conducted their own experiments justifying cell theory

• the basics of cell theory have not changed much since the original experiments

• what we know about cell theory has been published in reputable journals

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NGSS.MS-LS1-3

(2.02 MC) SC. 912.L.14.1 Which of the following best summarizes why the technological invention of microscopes was important to biology?

• It allowed for development of the cell theory.

• It created a means of funding for cell research.

• It created public interest and support for research.

• It proved that cells could form spontaneously.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

(2.02 MC) SC. 912.L.14.1 Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

• Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.

• Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

• Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.

• Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

(2.02 LC) SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as a eukaryote?

• Being able to move

• Being able to reproduce

• Having a nucleus

• Having ribosomes

(2.02 MC) SC. 912. L.14.3 Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

• Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

• Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

• Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.

(2.03 MC) SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?

• Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles.

• Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

• Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.

• Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

(3.03 MC) SC.912.L.16.1 The allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes. Which of the following best explains how two brown-eyed parents could produce a blue-eyed child?

• One parent must have had only blue-eyed parents.

• Mutations after fertilization could alter gene sequences and change alleles.

• Eye color is a sex-linked trait and male children could have only the allele for blue eyes.

• Each parent must be carrying the recessive allele for blue eyes.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

(3.03 MC) SC.912.L.16.1 When an organism has more than 10 fingers or toes, the condition is known as polydactylism. Although polydactylism is rare, it is a dominant trait. If two cats that are heterozygous for polydactylism mate and have a litter with a total of 12 kittens, how many of them would you expect to have more than 10 fingers or toes?

• 0

• 6

• 9

• 12

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NGSS.HS-LS3-3

NGSS.HS-LS4-3

(3.03 HC) SC.912.L.16.1 In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. In a generation of pea plants, 89 plants produced purple flowers and 31 plants produced white flowers. Which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent plants of this generation?

• Both parent plants are heterozygous for flower color.

• Both parent plants were homozygous with purple flowers.

• One parent plant had white flowers and the other was heterozygous for flower color.

• One parent plant was heterozygous for flower color and the other was homozygous with purple flowers.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-3