Quiz about Kinchler - TCAP 8th Grade Science (Part One)

Question 1

A diagram of seven rock layers is shown. The diagram represents a section of Earth that a paleontologist, a scientist who studies fossils, has been working with for years. Which statement correctly describes this diagram?

Accepted Answer

Layer W contains fossils of organisms that existed on Earth after the organisms found in layers U and R.

Answer

Layer U contains fossils of organisms that are older than the organisms found in layer R.

Answer

Layers R and W contain fossils that are both types of plant species.

Answer

Layers W and U contain fossils that are animal species.

Question 2

Some scientists compared fossils of the common ancestor of horses with modern horses. The table shows what the scientists found during their analysis.

The scientists claim that modern horses are better adapted for survival in the present-day environment than the common ancestor would have been. Which statement best support this claim?

Accepted Answer

Organisms that have hooves are more likely to reproduce.

Answer

Organisms with four legs will develop a hoof because of the need to balance on four legs.

Answer

Organisms will acquire helpful traits from their surroundings to survive.

Answer

Organisms with multiple toes are easily seen by predators, so parents choose not to pass the trait on to their offspring.

Question 3

Government agencies study natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions to make decisions about planning for natural disasters. The triangles on the map show the locations of potentially active volcanoes in the western United States. Which statement is correct regarding the dangers of volcanic eruptions in the western United States?

Accepted Answer

There is less danger of a volcanic eruption in the near future in Salt Lake City, Utah, than there is in Bend, Oregon.

Answer

Colorado should have a stricter volcano emergency plan than Washington State has.

Answer

here is more danger of a volcanic eruption in the near future in San Diego, California, than there is in Seattle, Washington.

Answer

Utah should have a stricter volcano emergency plan than California has.

Question 4

A heavy flood washed away over five meters of soil and rock. The layer of rock that was exposed by the flood contained remains of brachiopods, crinoids, and corals that existed in warm, shallow seas 350 million years ago. Some of the fossils that were found are shown.
Which statement is the best explanation for the presence of these marine fossils in an inland area of the United States?

Which statement is the best explanation for the presence of these marine fossils in an inland area of the United States?

Accepted Answer

The area used to be covered by an ocean.

Answer

The brachiopods could live in water and on land.

Answer

The crinoids and corals grew on terrestrial surfaces.

Answer

The fossils were carried to the area by floodwaters.

Question 5

Students develop a simple model to illustrate how the movement of the mantle can predict the movement of plates above the mantle. This same phenomenon that influences plate movement can also influence fault formation. They demonstrated this process by using an aquarium, two foam blocks, water, and a heat source. he students decide to model how the motion of two plates occurs.
Which statement best describes the ability of the model to predict plate movement?

Which statement best describes the ability of the model to predict plate movement?

Accepted Answer

The motion of the plates can be modeled by including only the main factors that contribute to plate movement.

Answer

The motion of the plates cannot be modeled on a scale that is much smaller than the plates themselves.

Answer

The motion of the plates cannot be modeled by simplifying the factors that contribute to plate movement.

Answer

The motion of the plates can be modeled only by including every factor that contributes to plate movement.

Question 6

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are found at the same cliff side. Which statement is correct about the rocks at this location?

Accepted Answer

The metamorphic rock and sedimentary rock were already at this location and magma flowed into the other rocks.

Answer

All three types of rock will become metamorphic if they stay at the surface of Earth.

Answer

If this location is buried deep underground, only the metamorphic rock will melt because it has already been heated before.

Answer

The igneous rock will become metamorphic rock after the rock in the cliff side turns into sediment.

Question 7

The graph shows the changes in the number of animal faunas living on Earth over time and how the faunas were affected by different extinction events. Which statement is correct about the changes in faunas during one of these five major events?

Accepted Answer

The event at the end of the Triassic (Tri.) resulted in the extinction of fewer faunas than in any other period.

Answer

The event at the end of the Devonian (Dev.) resulted in an increase in the number of Cambrian faunas.

Answer

The event at the end of the Cretaceous resulted in an increase in the number of Paleozoic faunas.

Answer

The event at the end of the Cretaceous resulted in the extinction of more faunas than in any other period.

Question 8

Which statement about the fossil record is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most species that have lived on Earth are now extinct.

Answer

Extinction is a common event but is rarely seen in the fossil record.

Answer

Extinction is a rare event and is rarely seen in the fossil record.

Answer

Most species that have lived on Earth are still living.

Question 9

The image shows four locations (A-D) on the island of Japan, which resides on or near four different tectonic plates. Which location and explanation describes where engineers should design buildings that can withstand earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

location A; earthquakes occur near plate boundaries

Answer

location B; earthquakes occur far away from mountains

Answer

location C; earthquakes occur along the coast

Answer

location D; earthquakes occur in the middle of continents

Question 10

Which scientific discovery supports the claim that Earth has changed over time?

Accepted Answer

Rocks found on different mountains are different ages.

Answer

Plants use sunlight to grow and create sugars.

Answer

Oceans cover a majority of the surface of Earth.

Answer

Animals can live in different climates on Earth.

Question 11

Fossil evidence shows that Archaeopteryx, an ancient bird-like animal, had many reptile-like features including a long tail with many vertebrae and claws. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence support?

Accepted Answer

Birds and reptiles had similar evolutionary beginnings.

Answer

Birds and reptiles laid eggs.

Answer

Birds and reptiles had similar behaviors.

Answer

Birds and reptiles lived at the same time in the ancient past.

Question 12

Which of the following lists the steps an igneous rock undergoes in order to become a sedimentary rock, in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation

Answer

Deposition, erosion, melting, cooling

Answer

Erosion, weathering, eruption, cooling

Answer

Dissolving, deposition, cooling, fracture

Question 13

How do folded mountains form?

Accepted Answer

They form when plates collide or push against each other.

Answer

They form when plate boundaries diverge.

Answer

They form on the continent side of convergent boundaries.

Answer

They can form several different ways.

Question 14

Farmers have cultivated five different vegetable crops by artificially selecting for certain traits from the wild mustard plant. This table lists information about five different vegetables that originated from the wild mustard plant. Which statement is correct about the development of these vegetables through artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

They resulted from a characteristic of the mustard plant that was changed or enhanced by the selective cultivation.

Answer

They resulted from the exposure to extreme temperatures and ultraviolet sun rays.

Answer

They were created over one generation when crossbreeding took place between two different varieties of vegetables.

Answer

They stopped forming additional varieties at the end of a growth cycle.

Question 15

Diagram 1 shows dark-shaded areas of three continents that contain similar ancient rock structures. Diagram 2 shows similar fossils that were found on landforms. Both diagrams show the different continents arranged as scientists believe they might have existed before they moved apart because of continental drift. Which statement is correct based on the information provided in the two diagrams?

Accepted Answer

The diagrams support each other by offering two seperate sources of evidence that support the past shapes and positions of the landforms.

Answer

The diagrams both provide support for the theory that the continents have always been fixed in their current positions.

Answer

The diagrams have little relationship to each other, as some of the land areas shown on the diagrams are in different positions.

Answer

The diagrams provide support for the conclusion that the process of continental drift ended when the continents reached their current positions.

Question 16

A canyon wall is shown. The rocks that make up the wall are layered. From the evidence in the picture, which statement is most correct about what the fossil record looks like in this location?

Accepted Answer

The types of fossils would be similar but would show gradual structural changes.

Answer

The number of fossils would decrease as the layers accumulate.

Answer

The number of fossils would rise and then immediately disappear.

Answer

The types of fossils would stay exactly the same in every layer.

Question 17

Students observe a partial graph of seismic data produced from an earthquake. The graph shows data for two different layers in Earth. The students create a table to identify which layers are shown in the graph. Which table best represents the data in the graph?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 18

Obsidian is a glassy black igneous rock. A sample of obsidian is shown. Which type of rock forms in a similar manner as obsidian but at a slower rate?

Accepted Answer

Granite, which forms as magma cools deep underground.

Answer

Schist, which forms under extreme heat and pressure.

Answer

Conglomerate, which forms when different-sized sediments cement together.

Answer

Gypsum, which forms when water evaporates and leaves behind minerals.

Question 19

The diagram shows a cross section of Earth, the location of an earthquake, and three seismographs. Which data set should most likely be expected from the three seismographs?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 20

Government agencies consider the possibilities of earthquakes when they are developing regulations about new construction projects. Regions of the United States are classified as having a low likelihood of earthquakes (lowest hazard), a high likelihood of earthquakes (highest hazard), or somewhere in between. Which two statements should inform the development of building regulations in regard to earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

In low hazard areas, building regulations should always include the possibility of the occurrence of an earthquake.

Accepted Answer

Building regulations should be strictest in areas of the highest hazard and may be lower in areas of low hazard.

Answer

The possibility of earthquakes should be considered by government agencies when writing building regulations only in the areas of highest hazard.

Answer

In high hazard areas, government agencies should write building regulations that prevent the construction of all new buildings.

Answer

In low hazard areas, government agencies should not consider earthquakes because they will never happen.

Question 21

The diagram shows the development of two species, the giraffe and the okapi, through the process of gradualism. During the first stage, shown as "Geographic Isolation", the two branches of the species became separated from each other. During the second stage, shown as "Genetic Isolation", the okapi and the giraffe developed into two distinct species. Which statement best describes the continued existence of the giraffe and the okapi?

Accepted Answer

The two species are no longer able to interbreed and both will continue to exist and reproduce in their separate environments.

Answer

The two species will likely interbreed with each other, resulting in young with characteristics of both species.

Answer

The two species will likely interbreed and develop a new species with characteristics of their common ancestor.

Answer

The two species will be in competition for resources with each other in a single environment, leading to the extinction of one of the species.

Question 22

The table identifies the three types of tectonic plate boundaries on Earth's surface and their effect on the lithosphere. Which three statements are correct about the effects of these plate boundaries on Earth's lithosphere?

Accepted Answer

In Type 1 boundaries, new lithosphere will form because of the plates pulling apart from each other.

Accepted Answer

In Type 2 boundaries, one plate is forced under the other, causing the lithosphere to form trenches.

Accepted Answer

Earthquakes tend to occur at both Type 2 and Type 3 boundaries.

Answer

In Type 3 boundaries, one plate slides next to the other, creating ocean mountain ranges.

Answer

Volcanoes tend to occur at Type 1 and Type 3 boundaries.

Question 23

The most available food source for birds on an island is hard-shelled nuts. Which birds have beaks designed to best survive on a diet of hard-shelled nuts?

Accepted Answer

Option C is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

B.

Answer

D.

Kinchler - TCAP 8th Grade Science (Part One)

43 questions

A diagram of seven rock layers is shown. The diagram represents a section of Earth that a paleontologist, a scientist who studies fossils, has been working with for years. Which statement correctly describes this diagram?

A data table shows a section of a gene from four animals. Based on the partial gene segments, which pair of animals will produce the most similar proteins? (a)

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are found at the same cliff side. Which statement is correct about the rocks at this location?

The cladogram shows several animal species. Which adaptations belong with labels U and Y on the cladogram? (a)

The graph shows the changes in the number of animal faunas living on Earth over time and how the faunas were affected by different extinction events. Which statement is correct about the changes in faunas during one of these five major events?

Which statement about the fossil record is correct?

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